Cell Structure and Function
Which condition is most likely to cause a plant cell to become turgid?
Equilibrium with the external environment
Hypotonic external environment
Isotonic external environment
Hypertonic external environment
In plants, what type of transport mechanism is primarily responsible for moving minerals from the soil into root hairs against their concentration gradient?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Active transport
Given a molecular data set showing that four mutations occur at regular intervals within a gene region, which evolutionary concept could this pattern most directly support?
Molecular clock hypothesis
Punctuated equilibrium model
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Adaptive radiation explanation
Aquaporins allow water to move through plasma membranes regardless of water's polarity. Water moving through aquaporins is an example of this:
Protein pump
Active transport
Receptor mediated transport
Facilitated diffusion
If a red blood cell is placed into a solution and bursts, what type of solution was it most likely placed in?
Saturated fatty acids solution unrelated effect on osmosis but can impact membrane fluidity instead.
Hypotonic solution due to osmotic lysis when water enters the cell excessively causing it burst.
Isotonic solution because this would maintain equal water movement without causing bursting.
Hypertonic solution since this would cause water loss resulting in crenation or shriveling rather than bursting.
In what way would manipulating the expression levels of P-type ATPases affect a neuron's action potential propagation speed when considering axonal diameter remains constant?
Increased expression should lead exclusively to faster propagation speeds due to enhanced active transport capabilities supporting more rapid repolarization phases.
Modified P-type ATPase levels might alter ion gradients essential for action potentials, potentially slowing down or speeding up propagation depending on changes in gradient strength.
Any change in P-type ATPase expression will be compensated for by other ion pumps or channels ensuring consistent action potential speeds regardless of initial alterations.
Decreased expression may only affect neurotransmitter release at synapses without influencing action potential speed along an axon.
Considering secondary active transport, which scenario best explains how a neuron maintains its resting potential after repeated action potentials?
Incorrect Explanation
Incorrect Explanation
Incorrect Explanation
The Na+/K+ pump restores ion gradients using ATP hydrolysis despite continued depolarization-repolarization cycles.

How are we doing?
Give us your feedback and let us know how we can improve
Which term describes a solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution?
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Homeostatic
How can pedigree charts help predict the probability of an individual inheriting a specific trait caused by multiple genes with additive effects?
Determining dominant or recessive trait expression based solely on presence or absence of a trait within the family.
Interpreting shading patterns in relation to family relationships allows assessment of likely genotypes and phenotype expressions.
Using co-dominance rules to predict the outcome of gene interactions for polygenic traits in the chart.
Applying Punnett squares to each individual mating event within the pedigree for quantitative trait analysis.
What role do ion channels play in neurons during action potentials?
They prevent all ion movement until neurotransmitters bind to them.
They actively pump ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.
They synthesize neurotransmitters necessary for nerve impulse transmission.
They allow selective passage of ions across neuron membranes affecting electrical charge difference.