All Flashcards
What are the steps of the endosymbiotic process?
- Early eukaryote engulfs a prokaryote. 2. Prokaryote becomes an endosymbiont. 3. Symbiotic relationship becomes permanent. 4. Endosymbiont evolves into an organelle.
What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic: Simple structure, circular DNA, no membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic: Complex structure, linear DNA, membrane-bound organelles.
Compare the DNA in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes: Single, circular DNA loop. Eukaryotes: Multiple, linear chromosomes within a nucleus.
What is the effect of a prokaryote being engulfed by a larger cell and not being digested?
The prokaryote becomes an endosymbiont, potentially evolving into an organelle like a mitochondrion or chloroplast.
What is the effect of endosymbiosis on the host cell?
The host cell gains a selective advantage through increased energy production (ATP) or photosynthesis.
What is the effect of mitochondria and chloroplasts having a double membrane?
The inner membrane is from the original prokaryote, and the outer membrane is from the engulfing host cell, providing evidence for endosymbiosis.