All Flashcards
Define phospholipid bilayer.
A two-layered arrangement of phospholipids that form a cell membrane, with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.
What is a glycoprotein?
A protein with a carbohydrate attached, involved in cell signaling and attachment.
Define glycolipid.
A lipid with a carbohydrate attached, involved in cell signaling and attachment.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
A model describing the cell membrane as a flexible structure with a mosaic of proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.
Define selective permeability.
The property of a membrane that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.
What are adhesion proteins?
Membrane proteins that form junctions between cells.
What are receptor proteins?
Membrane proteins that receive and bind to signaling molecules, initiating a cellular response.
Compare hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in the membrane.
Hydrophilic: Attracted to water, located on the exterior | Hydrophobic: Repelled by water, located on the interior
Differentiate between integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
Integral: Embedded within the lipid bilayer | Peripheral: Associated with the membrane surface
Compare channel proteins and transport proteins.
Channel proteins: Facilitate passive transport through channels | Transport proteins: Actively transport substances, often using ATP
Compare glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Glycoproteins: Proteins with attached carbohydrates | Glycolipids: Lipids with attached carbohydrates
Compare the movement of polar vs. nonpolar molecules across the membrane.
Polar: Require transport proteins | Nonpolar: Pass freely
Label the phospholipid bilayer diagram: 1. Head, 2. Tail
1: Hydrophilic head, 2: Hydrophobic tail
Label the components of the membrane: 1. Phospholipid, 2. Protein
1: Phospholipid, 2: Integral protein
Identify: 1. Region that interacts with water, 2. Region that avoids water
1: Hydrophilic head region, 2: Hydrophobic tail region
Label the membrane structure: 1. Glycoprotein, 2. Phospholipid
1: Glycoprotein, 2: Phospholipid
Label the diagram of the cell membrane: 1. Integral protein, 2. Peripheral protein
1: Integral protein, 2: Peripheral protein