All Flashcards
What is the definition of Meiosis?
The process of cell division that creates genetic diversity in gametes, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the definition of Diploid (2n)?
Normal body cells that have two sets of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Haploid (n)?
Gametes that have one set of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Homologous Chromosomes?
Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order.
What is the definition of Crossing Over?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I, creating new combinations of genes.
What is the definition of Gamete?
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
What is the effect of crossing over during Prophase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes.
What is the effect of random alignment of chromosomes during Metaphase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in daughter cells.
What happens if gametes were diploid instead of haploid?
Fertilization would result in offspring with double the normal chromosome number.
What is the result of Meiosis?
Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the effect of separating homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I?
Creates two haploid cells, each with a mix of maternal and paternal DNA.
What is the result of separating sister chromatids in Meiosis II?
Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
What are the main phases of Meiosis?
Meiosis I (separating homologous pairs) and Meiosis II (separating sister chromatids).
What are the key steps of Prophase I?
DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs.
What happens during Metaphase I?
Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell with random alignment.
What occurs during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles; sister chromatids remain attached.
What are the steps of Meiosis II?
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What are the simplified steps of Meiosis?
DNA Replication, Homologous Pairing, Crossing Over, Meiosis I Division, Meiosis II Division.