All Flashcards
What is the definition of Meiosis?
The process of cell division that creates genetic diversity in gametes, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the definition of Diploid (2n)?
Normal body cells that have two sets of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Haploid (n)?
Gametes that have one set of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Homologous Chromosomes?
Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order.
What is the definition of Crossing Over?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I, creating new combinations of genes.
What is the definition of Gamete?
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
What are the main phases of Meiosis?
Meiosis I (separating homologous pairs) and Meiosis II (separating sister chromatids).
What are the key steps of Prophase I?
DNA condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs.
What happens during Metaphase I?
Homologous chromosome pairs line up at the center of the cell with random alignment.
What occurs during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles; sister chromatids remain attached.
What are the steps of Meiosis II?
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What are the simplified steps of Meiosis?
DNA Replication, Homologous Pairing, Crossing Over, Meiosis I Division, Meiosis II Division.
What are the key differences between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis: One division, produces identical diploid cells. Meiosis: Two divisions, produces genetically unique haploid cells.
What are the differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate.
Compare and contrast Prophase I and Prophase II.
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs. Prophase II: No pairing or crossing over.
Compare diploid and haploid cells.
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n). Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes (n).
What are the differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
Meiosis I: Separates homologous chromosomes, reduces ploidy. Meiosis II: Separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis.