All Flashcards
What is the effect of crossing over during Prophase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating new combinations of genes.
What is the effect of random alignment of chromosomes during Metaphase I?
Increases genetic diversity by creating different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in daughter cells.
What happens if gametes were diploid instead of haploid?
Fertilization would result in offspring with double the normal chromosome number.
What is the result of Meiosis?
Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the effect of separating homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I?
Creates two haploid cells, each with a mix of maternal and paternal DNA.
What is the result of separating sister chromatids in Meiosis II?
Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.
What are the key differences between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis: One division, produces identical diploid cells. Meiosis: Two divisions, produces genetically unique haploid cells.
What are the differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate.
Compare and contrast Prophase I and Prophase II.
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs. Prophase II: No pairing or crossing over.
Compare diploid and haploid cells.
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n). Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes (n).
What are the differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
Meiosis I: Separates homologous chromosomes, reduces ploidy. Meiosis II: Separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis.
In a diagram of a cell in Metaphase I, what are the structures at the center of the cell?
Homologous chromosome pairs.
In a diagram of Anaphase I, what are being pulled to opposite poles?
Homologous chromosomes.
In a diagram of Prophase I, what is the area where homologous chromosomes are intertwined called?
Chiasmata (site of crossing over).
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
46
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell?
23