All Flashcards
In a diagram of a cell in Metaphase I, what are the structures at the center of the cell?
Homologous chromosome pairs.
In a diagram of Anaphase I, what are being pulled to opposite poles?
Homologous chromosomes.
In a diagram of Prophase I, what is the area where homologous chromosomes are intertwined called?
Chiasmata (site of crossing over).
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human diploid cell?
46
In a diagram showing the difference between diploid and haploid cells, how many chromosomes are in a human haploid cell?
23
What are the key differences between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis: One division, produces identical diploid cells. Meiosis: Two divisions, produces genetically unique haploid cells.
What are the differences between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate.
Compare and contrast Prophase I and Prophase II.
Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair and crossing over occurs. Prophase II: No pairing or crossing over.
Compare diploid and haploid cells.
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes (2n). Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes (n).
What are the differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
Meiosis I: Separates homologous chromosomes, reduces ploidy. Meiosis II: Separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis.
What is the definition of Meiosis?
The process of cell division that creates genetic diversity in gametes, resulting in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the definition of Diploid (2n)?
Normal body cells that have two sets of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Haploid (n)?
Gametes that have one set of chromosomes.
What is the definition of Homologous Chromosomes?
Pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same order.
What is the definition of Crossing Over?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I, creating new combinations of genes.
What is the definition of Gamete?
A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.