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What are the key differences between the template strand and the coding strand?
Template Strand: Used by RNA polymerase to create mRNA, complementary to mRNA. Coding Strand: Has the same sequence as mRNA (except U instead of T), not directly used in transcription.
Compare and contrast transcription and translation.
Transcription: DNA to RNA, occurs in the nucleus (eukaryotes), uses RNA polymerase. Translation: RNA to protein, occurs in ribosomes.
What is the effect of adding a poly-A tail to mRNA?
Protects mRNA from degradation and aids in nuclear export.
What is the effect of adding a GTP cap to mRNA?
Protects mRNA and helps in ribosome recognition.
What is the effect of alternative splicing?
Different combinations of exons can be joined, leading to different mRNA molecules and protein variants from the same gene, increasing protein diversity.
What are the steps of mRNA processing in eukaryotes?
1. Addition of a GTP cap to the 5' end. 2. Addition of a poly-A tail to the 3' end. 3. Splicing to remove introns and join exons.
What are the main steps of transcription?
1. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of a gene. 2. DNA unwinds. 3. RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand.