Gene Expression and Regulation
Which component is not directly involved in transcription initiation complex formation?
TATA binding protein (TBP)
Transcription factor IID (TFIID)
Ribosome subunits
General transcription factors
Post-transcriptional modifications in eukaryotes include splicing out introns; what is crucial for recognizing intron-exon boundaries accurately?
DNA helicases temporarily re-bind DNA strands post-RNA synthesis guiding snRNPs towards correct splicing sites via structural cues.
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) within spliceosomes facilitate precise intron removal and exon ligation processes.
Ribosomal subunits attach directly onto mRNA strands distinguishing exons from introns through base-pairing interactions.
Ligases perform proofreading functions distinguishing intronic sequences from exonic ones based on sequence conservation levels.
The sequence of nucleotides on mRNA is read in triplets called __.
Introns
Exons
Codons
RNAs
What is responsible for recognizing and binding to promoter regions of DNA thus initiating transcription?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
RNA polymerase II
Ribosomal subunits (rRNA)
Helicase enzymes
What could be a potential consequence if a point mutation resulted in a faulty spliceosome that is unable to recognize splice sites correctly?
Enhanced precision of exon selection improving protein function diversity.
No change in protein synthesis as alternative splicing compensates for errors.
Increased efficiency in pre-mRNA splicing resulting in faster maturation time.
Production of aberrant mRNA molecules leading to nonfunctional proteins or disease states.
Transcribe the following sequence. G T A G T C
C A U C A G
C A T C A C
C A T C A G
C U T C U G
During eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing, what is added to the 5' end of an mRNA molecule?
A poly-A tail
A ribozyme sequence
An intron sequence
A modified guanine nucleotide cap

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If a mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene, what is the most likely outcome during transcription?
The rate of gene transcription may change.
The amino acid sequence of the protein will change.
RNA polymerase will skip transcribing this gene entirely.
Introns from the mRNA will not be removed.
How might a mutation that introduces a premature stop codon affect the resulting mRNA molecule during transcription and RNA processing?
The mutated mRNA would be subject to nonsense-mediated decay, preventing the production of a truncated protein.
The mRNA may be stabilized by increased binding of poly-A binding proteins, leading to enhanced translation.
The mutation could lead to an alternative splicing event that skips the exon containing the premature stop codon.
The premature stop codon could facilitate the addition of a longer poly-A tail, improving mRNA stability.
__ is the process of making RNA out of DNA.
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Alternative splicing