All Flashcards
What is the difference between allele and genotype frequencies?
Allele frequencies (p, q) represent the proportion of each allele. Genotype frequencies (, , ) represent the proportion of each genotype.
What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A model describing a theoretical state where allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation.
Define allele frequency.
The relative proportion of an allele within a population.
Define genotype frequency.
The relative proportion of a genotype within a population.
What is the meaning of 'p' in Hardy-Weinberg equations?
Frequency of the dominant allele.
What is the meaning of 'q' in Hardy-Weinberg equations?
Frequency of the recessive allele.
What does represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype.
What is the effect of natural selection on allele frequencies?
Natural selection causes allele frequencies to change over time, leading to evolution.
What is the effect of a small population size on allele frequencies?
Small population sizes can lead to genetic drift, causing random fluctuations in allele frequencies.
What is the effect of non-random mating on genotype frequencies?
Non-random mating alters genotype frequencies but does not directly affect allele frequencies.
What is the effect of gene flow on allele frequencies?
Gene flow introduces or removes alleles from a population, altering allele frequencies.
What is the effect of mutations on allele frequencies?
Mutations introduce new alleles into a population, altering allele frequencies.