All Flashcards
What are the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells regarding DNA?
Prokaryotic: Circular DNA, no nucleus | Eukaryotic: Linear chromosomes, nucleus present
What are the differences between Introns and Exons?
Introns: Non-coding, removed by splicing | Exons: Coding, expressed to make proteins
What are the differences between Common Ancestry and Convergent Evolution?
Common Ancestry: Shared traits due to shared lineage | Convergent Evolution: Similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, not shared ancestry
What is the definition of Eukaryotes?
Organisms with cells containing membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.
What is the definition of Endosymbiosis?
The theory that some eukaryotic organelles originated from symbiotic prokaryotes.
What is the definition of Membrane-bound organelles?
Specialized compartments within eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
What is the definition of Linear Chromosomes?
Long, straight pieces of DNA found in eukaryotes, containing more genetic information than circular chromosomes.
What is the definition of Introns?
Non-coding sequences within eukaryotic genes that are removed by splicing.
What is the definition of Exons?
Coding sequences within eukaryotic genes that are expressed.
What are the key steps of Endosymbiosis?
- A prokaryotic cell engulfs another prokaryotic cell. 2. The engulfed cell establishes a symbiotic relationship. 3. Over time, the engulfed cell evolves into an organelle.
What are the steps of RNA splicing?
- Introns are transcribed along with exons. 2. Spliceosomes recognize intron-exon boundaries. 3. Introns are excised and exons are joined together.