1. Random mutations occur in bacteria. 2. Some mutations confer resistance to antibiotics. 3. When exposed to antibiotics, resistant bacteria survive and reproduce. 4. Over time, the population shifts to become predominantly resistant.

1. Mutations, recombination, and genetic drift alter the genetic makeup of a population. 2. These changes accumulate over time, leading to new traits. 3. If the genetic changes are significant enough, the population may diverge and form a new species that can no longer interbreed with the original population.

The process where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the population's genetic makeup over time.

Change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations.

The ability of bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics that would normally kill or inhibit their growth.

Alterations in the genetic material of an organism, including mutations, recombination, and changes in chromosome number.

The rapid genetic changes in pathogens like viruses and bacteria, leading to new diseases or the re-emergence of old ones.

Individual: Changes within an organism's lifetime are not evolution. Population: Evolution is the change in the genetic makeup of a population over generations.