All Flashcards
What is a community in ecology?
A group of different populations living in the same area, interacting with each other.
Define species diversity.
The variety of species in a community, considering both the number of species and their relative abundance.
What is the Simpson's Diversity Index?
A quantitative measure used to estimate the species diversity of a community.
Define interspecies competition.
Competition between different species for the same limited resources.
What is niche partitioning?
The process by which species divide resources to avoid competition.
Define mutualism.
A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit (+/+).
Define commensalism.
A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped (+/0).
Define parasitism.
A symbiotic relationship where one species (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host) (+/-).
What is a trophic cascade?
Effects on other levels of the ecosystem due to predator-prey relationships.
What is the effect of high species diversity on a community?
Increased stability and resilience to environmental changes.
What is the effect of interspecies competition?
Can lead to a decrease in one population, stabilization of both, or niche partitioning.
What is the effect of a predator controlling prey populations?
Can create trophic cascades, affecting other levels of the ecosystem.
What happens when two species compete for the same limited resources?
It can lead to a decrease in one or both populations, or niche partitioning may occur.
What happens when a keystone species is removed from a community?
The community structure can change dramatically, potentially leading to a loss of biodiversity.
How do you calculate Simpson's Diversity Index?
- Determine 'n' (number of organisms of a particular species). 2. Determine 'N' (total number of organisms of all species). 3. Calculate (n/N)^2 for each species. 4. Sum all (n/N)^2 values. 5. Subtract the sum from 1: Diversity Index = 1 - Σ (n / N)^2