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How do you calculate Simpson's Diversity Index?
1. Determine 'n' (number of organisms of a particular species). 2. Determine 'N' (total number of organisms of all species). 3. Calculate (n/N)^2 for each species. 4. Sum all (n/N)^2 values. 5. Subtract the sum from 1: Diversity Index = 1 - ฮฃ (n / N)^2
What is a community in ecology?
A group of different populations living in the same area, interacting with each other.
Define species diversity.
The variety of species in a community, considering both the number of species and their relative abundance.
What is the Simpson's Diversity Index?
A quantitative measure used to estimate the species diversity of a community.
Define interspecies competition.
Competition between different species for the same limited resources.
What is niche partitioning?
The process by which species divide resources to avoid competition.
Define mutualism.
A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit (+/+).
Define commensalism.
A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped (+/0).
Define parasitism.
A symbiotic relationship where one species (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (host) (+/-).
What is a trophic cascade?
Effects on other levels of the ecosystem due to predator-prey relationships.
What are the differences between mutualism and commensalism?
Mutualism: Both species benefit (+/+) | Commensalism: One species benefits, the other is unaffected (+/0)
What are the differences between parasitism and predation?
Parasitism: Parasite benefits at the host's expense, usually smaller than host | Predation: Predator kills and eats prey, often similar in size or larger.
What are the differences between competition and niche partitioning?
Competition: Species directly compete for the same resources, leading to negative impacts on one or both. | Niche Partitioning: Species evolve to utilize different resources or aspects of the same resource, reducing direct competition.