Cell Structure and Function

Protein synthesis

Intracellular digestion

Photosynthesis

Cellular respiration

Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

Manipulate intralysosomal pH with ionophores while monitoring breakdown rates of fluorescently tagged macromolecules inside lysosomes.

Measure cytosolic pH shifts upon addition of weak bases or acids while checking for accumulation of undigested material by flow cytometry.

Observe changes in lysosome size under varying external pH conditions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Assess enzymatic activity profiles at different pH values outside isolated lysosomes via spectrophotometric assays.

Complete failure polymerize due lack essential energy input necessary construction

Depleted GTP pools slowing overall growth rate expanding microtubule networks

Premature disassembling preventing spindle assembly correctly orienting chromosomes

Stabilized microtubules resistant dismantling leading prolonged spindle fiber structures

Glycolysis splitting glucose molecules, releasing small bursts of kinetic heat.

Pyruvate decarboxylation creating acetyl-CoA for entry into the Krebs cycle.

The Krebs cycle turning citrate back into oxaloacetate while releasing CO₂.

Oxidative phosphorylation transforming ATP's stored chemical potential into mechanical work or heat.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Production of lipid molecules for cell membranes

Synthesis of proteins destined for export from the cell

Breakdown of worn-out organelles

Generation of ATP through cellular respiration

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

Lactic acid fermentation

Krebs Cycle

Random fertilization between gametes increases chromosomal counts leading to diversity.

Crossover during mitosis maintains consistent genetic information across dividing cells preventing variation.

Mutations during mitosis generate diverse genetic profiles within an organism's body cells.

Cross over during meiosis creates new allele combinations that contribute to genetic variety.

Inhibit the expression of the enzyme's gene using RNA interference (RNAi) and measure subsequent lipid levels within cells.

Tag the enzyme with fluorescent markers and track its location within live cells using confocal microscopy.

Overexpress the enzyme in cultured cells and monitor any changes in organelle morphology under an electron microscope.

Compare lipid composition between normal ER and isolated smooth ER lacking ribosomes through chromatography.