Cellular Energetics
In an ecosystem where keystone predators are suddenly removed, how might trophic cascades affect the biodiversity and stability of that ecosystem over time?
Stability increases as fewer predatory interactions occur within the food web.
Biodiversity increases as prey populations are reduced without predation pressure.
Biodiversity decreases as prey populations grow unchecked and outcompete other species.
There is no significant impact on either biodiversity or stability due to redundant food web pathways.
When energy is lost, it increases __.
Heat absorbed
Homeostasis
Entropy
Bonds made
Which scenario best describes how eutrophication can disrupt aquatic ecosystems?
Algal blooms from excess nutrients consume oxygen during decomposition, suffocating fish populations.
Introduction of invasive plant species that outcompete native algae but produce less oxygen via photosynthesis.
Overall cooling temperatures causing stratification that limits nutrient availability for phytoplankton growth.
A reduction in aquatic plant life resulting from increased turbidity blocking sunlight penetration into water bodies.
How do organisms produce energy anaerobically (without oxygen)?
Fermentation
Photosynthesis
They do not
Cell respiration
When liver cells detoxify alcohol, which organelle plays a crucial role in managing the resultant increase in toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, safely neutralizing its potential damage.
Lysosomes employ an acidic pH to degrade reactive species, protecting the rest of the organism's tissues.
Endoplasmic reticulum leverages its vast surface area to facilitate the rapid diffusion of hydrogen peroxide away from sensitive areas.
Mitochondria utilize their cristae membranes to convert the harmful molecule into a usable form for cellular processes.
Given that noncompetitive inhibitors alter an enzyme's activity without binding at the active site, what impact might such inhibitors have on a cell's metabolic pathways?
They will lead directly to an increased number of enzymes being synthesized by ribosomes to overcome inhibition.
They typically facilitate faster attainment of equilibrium between reactants and products in a given pathway.
They could change the shape of an enzyme so its active site becomes less effective at catalyzing reactions.
They usually act similarly to competitive inhibitors by blocking access to the enzyme's active site temporarily.
Could investigating intracellular pH changes during photosynthesis aid our understanding of its regulation and possibly reveal non-traditional buffering systems within chloroplasts?
Yes, by examining intracellular pH fluctuations, we could uncover novel aspects about how photosynthetic cells manage proton gradients essential for synthesizing sugars from carbon dioxide efficiently while maintaining homeostasis.
Maybe since while it’s indirectly associated
Potentially although traditional buffering systems already account
No because investigating intracellular pH isn’t directly tied

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How might increased ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion affect terrestrial ecosystems at multiple scales?
Increased mutation rates that drive rapid evolution among small mammals but have negligible effects on vegetation or larger animals' survival rate.
Enhanced solar energy absorption by plants boosting photosynthetic activity without significantly affecting animal species reliant on those plants.
Direct harm primarily limited only to amphibian populations through damage to eggs laid in aquatic environments with no cascading effects reported elsewhere.
Plant DNA damage leading to reduced photosynthesis rates and lower primary productivity impacting entire food webs from herbivores upwards.
The molecule that builds up in muscle tissues due to anaerobic respiration is called __
Lactic acid
ATP
ADP
Ethanol
What feature of chloroplasts ensures efficient capture of light energy during photosynthesis?
The circular DNA enables faster replication before cell division.
The extensive surface area of thylakoid membranes allows for optimal placement of pigments.
The presence of large vacuoles provides storage space for glucose produced.
The double membrane structure facilitates rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide.