Replication

Mia Gonzalez

6 min read

Next Topic - Transcription and RNA Processing

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Study Guide Overview

This study guide covers DNA replication, including: an overview of the process and its location; the roles of key enzymes (helicase, topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, ligase); the difference between leading and lagging strand synthesis (including Okazaki fragments); the function of telomeres; and common exam questions and pitfalls.

#🧬 DNA Replication: Your Night-Before Study Guide

Hey there, future AP Bio superstar! Let's break down DNA replication, the process that makes life possible, into bite-sized pieces. Think of this as your ultimate cheat sheet for tonight. We'll make sure you're not just memorizing, but understanding.

DNA replication is a HIGH-VALUE TOPIC on the AP exam. Expect to see it in both multiple-choice and free-response questions. Understanding the enzymes and their roles is key!

# Overview: The Big Picture

What is it? Replication is how cells copy their DNA before dividing, ensuring genetic information is passed on. Think of it as making a perfect photocopy of your cell's instruction manual.
Where does it happen?
- Eukaryotes (that's us!) : Inside the nucleus. 🏰
- Prokaryotes (bacteria): In the cytoplasm. 🦠

Key Concept

Remember the location differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes – this is a classic AP Biology distinction!

# Step-by-Step Replication: The A-Team of Enzymes

Imagine a bustling construction site where each enzyme has a specific job. Here's the lineup:

Unwinding the DNA:
- Helicase: The "scissors" ✂️ that unwinds the double helix and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases.
- Topoisomerase & Single-Strand Binding Proteins: The "relaxers"🧘‍♀️ that prevent the DNA from supercoiling and collapsing back on itself. Think of them as keeping the strands nicely separated and tension-free.
Building the New Strand:
- RNA Primase: The "initiator" 🚀. It lays down a short RNA primer, a starting point for DNA polymerase.
- DNA Polymerase III: The "copier" 📝. It adds new DNA nucleotides to the 3'...

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