All Flashcards
What are the key differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous: Uniform composition throughout. | Heterogeneous: Non-uniform composition.
What are the differences between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic bonds: Transfer of electrons between metal and nonmetal. | Covalent bonds: Sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.
Differentiate between atomic radius and ionic radius.
Atomic radius: Distance from nucleus to valence electrons in a neutral atom. | Ionic radius: Distance from nucleus to valence electrons in an ion.
Compare and contrast electron affinity and ionization energy.
Electron affinity: Energy change when an electron is added. | Ionization energy: Energy required to remove an electron.
What is a mole?
A unit of measurement representing 6.022 x 10^23 entities.
What is molar mass?
The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.
What is Avogadro's number?
6.022 x 10^23 entities per mole.
What are isotopes?
Variants of an element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
What are valence electrons?
Outermost electrons involved in bonding.
What are the basic steps involved in mass spectroscopy?
Ionization, acceleration, deflection, and detection.
Outline the Aufbau principle.
Electrons first fill the lowest energy orbitals available.