All Flashcards
What is the effect of a central atom having too few valence electrons after single bonds and lone pairs are added?
The central atom may have an incomplete octet, especially common with Beryllium and Boron.
What is the effect of a central atom having too many valence electrons after single bonds are formed?
Form double or triple bonds by erasing lone pairs on surrounding atoms.
What is the effect of a molecule having an odd number of valence electrons?
It is impossible to pair all electrons, resulting in a molecule with unpaired electrons.
What is a Lewis Diagram?
Visual tool showing how atoms bond, displaying valence electrons and bonds to understand molecular shapes and reactivity.
What is the octet rule?
Atoms 'want' a full valence shell, usually 8 electrons, to achieve stability.
What are lone pairs?
Electrons around a single atom, not shared with other atoms in a bond.
What are bonding pairs?
Electrons shared between atoms, forming a chemical bond (represented by a dash in Lewis diagrams).
What is the localized electron model?
A model stating that electrons are localized and stay put, not freely roaming around the molecule.
What are expanded octets?
Central atoms with atomic number ≥ 14 can have more than 8 electrons in their valence shell.
In the Lewis structure of , what type of bond connects the two oxygen atoms?
A double bond
In the Lewis structure of , what type of bond connects the two nitrogen atoms?
A triple bond
In the Lewis structure of , what type of bond connects the magnesium and chlorine atoms?
Ionic bond