Molecular and Ionic Bonding
Which molecule violates the octet rule by having more than eight electrons around the central atom according to its most common Lewis structure?
CH4
NH3
SF6
H2O
Which substance would likely have the highest boiling point based on its intermolecular forces?
Methane (CH4), due to weak London dispersion forces.
Neon gas (Ne), due to very weak London dispersion forces.
Hydrogen fluoride (HF), due to strong hydrogen bonding.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), due to moderate London dispersion forces.
Which element generally does not follow the octet rule in its compounds?
Carbon
Boron
Oxygen
Nitrogen
For which scenario would the Gibb’s free energy equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS predict a spontaneous reaction only above a certain temperature?
When both ΔH and ΔS are positive values.
When both ΔH and ΔS are negative values.
When ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative.
When Η is negative and S is positive.
What is the formal charge on the central atom after completing the Lewis diagram for chlorine trifluoride (ClF3)?
-1
+2
+1
0
When constructing the best Lewis diagram for hypochlorite ion ClO-, what total number of resonance structures should be drawn showing all possible placements for pi bonds if any exist?
Two
Three
None
One
Which molecule would exhibit the highest boiling point based on molecular structure and intermolecular forces?
H2O, due to hydrogen bonding.
CH4, due to London dispersion forces.
CO2, due to dipole-induced dipole attractions.
N2, due to quadrupole-quadrupole interactions.

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How many valence electrons does a neutral chlorine atom have?
17
5
8
7
Which property justifies using XeF4 as an example when explaining square planar molecular geometry?
The square planar geometry results in a nonzero dipole moment which is characteristic for XeF4 due to the polarity of Xe-F bonds.
The fluorine atoms and two lone pairs on xenon are arranged symmetrically around the central atom at right angles.
XeF4 displays a linear structure similar to CO2, making it suitable for discussing linear geometries despite being actually square planar.
Xenon being part of group 18 is not supposed to form stable compounds, properties like XeF4 make it an exception and interesting example.
In a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction, what characteristic feature of an alkyl halide substrate primarily affects its reactivity?
The length of the alkyl chain
The identity of the halogen atom as the leaving group
Steric hindrance around the carbon bearing the leaving group
The solvent in which the reaction takes place