All Flashcards
What is the effect of a compound having a high affinity for the stationary phase in chromatography?
The compound will move slower and have a lower Rf value.
What is the effect of increasing the polarity of the mobile phase in chromatography?
More polar compounds will move faster, potentially increasing their Rf values.
What is the effect of stronger intermolecular forces on the boiling point of a liquid?
The boiling point increases.
Define 'Solute'.
The substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.
Define 'Solvent'.
The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
Define 'Mobile Phase' in chromatography.
The phase that moves through the stationary phase, carrying the components of the mixture.
Define 'Stationary Phase' in chromatography.
The phase that does not move in chromatography and interacts with the components of the mixture.
Define 'Rf value' in chromatography.
The ratio of the distance traveled by the compound to the distance traveled by the solvent front in chromatography.
Define 'Distillation'.
A process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points.
What are the key differences between paper and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?
Paper Chromatography: Stationary phase is paper (cellulose), generally slower. | TLC: Stationary phase is a thin layer of solid (silica), generally faster, more solvent options.
What are the differences between simple and fractional distillation?
Simple Distillation: Used when boiling points are significantly different, one vaporization/condensation step. | Fractional Distillation: Used when boiling points are close, multiple vaporization/condensation steps.