All Flashcards
What is the effect of a compound having a high affinity for the stationary phase in chromatography?
The compound will move slower and have a lower Rf value.
What is the effect of increasing the polarity of the mobile phase in chromatography?
More polar compounds will move faster, potentially increasing their Rf values.
What is the effect of stronger intermolecular forces on the boiling point of a liquid?
The boiling point increases.
What are the key differences between paper and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?
Paper Chromatography: Stationary phase is paper (cellulose), generally slower. | TLC: Stationary phase is a thin layer of solid (silica), generally faster, more solvent options.
What are the differences between simple and fractional distillation?
Simple Distillation: Used when boiling points are significantly different, one vaporization/condensation step. | Fractional Distillation: Used when boiling points are close, multiple vaporization/condensation steps.
What are the general steps of chromatography?
- Sample application. 2. Elution with mobile phase. 3. Separation based on interactions with stationary phase. 4. Detection of separated components.
What are the steps of simple distillation?
- Heat the liquid mixture. 2. Vaporize the liquid with the lower boiling point. 3. Condense the vapor. 4. Collect the condensate.
Describe the process of filtration.
- Mixture is poured through a filter. 2. Liquid passes through the filter paper as filtrate. 3. Insoluble solid is retained on the filter paper as residue.