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What are the steps to experimentally determine rate laws?
1. Run multiple experiments with varying reactant concentrations. 2. Measure the initial rates for each experiment. 3. Compare how the rate changes as you change the concentration of each reactant, keeping others constant.
What is the definition of a rate law?
An equation that shows how the rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants.
Define the rate constant (k).
A proportionality constant that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentrations of reactants; it is temperature-dependent.
What is reaction order?
Tells us how the rate changes when we change the concentration of a reactant; it is the exponent in the rate law equation.
Define overall reaction order.
The sum of all the individual reactant orders in the rate law.
What is the general form of a rate law?
R = k[A]^n[B]^m...
What is the effect of doubling the concentration of a reactant in a first-order reaction?
The reaction rate doubles.
What is the effect of doubling the concentration of a reactant in a second-order reaction?
The reaction rate quadruples.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate constant (k)?
k increases, leading to a faster reaction rate.
What happens to the rate if the reaction is zeroth order and you increase the concentration of the reactant?
There is no change in the rate.
What is the effect of a large rate constant (k) on the reaction rate?
A larger k means a faster reaction.