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What is the effect of applying an external voltage greater than the absolute value of the negative E<sub>cell</sub> in an electrolytic cell?
The non-spontaneous reaction is forced to occur.
What is the effect of passing a current through a solution of metal ions during electrolysis?
The metal ions are reduced at the cathode, depositing the metal.
Define electrolytic cell.
A cell that uses an external power source to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction.
Define anode.
The electrode where oxidation occurs.
Define cathode.
The electrode where reduction occurs.
Define Faraday's constant.
The charge of one mole of electrons, approximately 96485 Coulombs.
Define Faraday's Law.
The law stating that the amount of substance produced or consumed during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the cell.
Define galvanic cell.
An electrochemical cell that generates electricity through spontaneous redox reactions.
What are the general steps to solve electrolysis problems using Faraday's Law?
1. Convert time to seconds and calculate total charge (Coulombs). 2. Convert Coulombs to moles of electrons using Faraday's constant. 3. Use stoichiometry to convert from moles of electrons to moles of substance. 4. Convert moles of substance to grams using molar mass.