All Flashcards
What is the effect of increasing the number of moles of gas in a reaction?
It usually results in a positive ΔS° (increased disorder).
What is the effect of a negative ΔS° and negative ΔH at low temperatures?
The reaction is spontaneous.
Differentiate between a positive and negative ΔS°.
ΔS° > 0: Reaction increases disorder. | ΔS° < 0: Reaction decreases disorder.
Compare the entropy of solids, liquids, and gases.
Solids have the lowest entropy, liquids have intermediate entropy, and gases have the highest entropy: Ssolid < Sliquid < Sgas.
Define Entropy (S).
A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system.
Define Absolute Entropy (S°).
The entropy of a substance at standard conditions (1 atm and 273 K).
Define Change in Entropy (ΔS°).
The change in disorder during a reaction; the difference between the entropy of the products and the reactants.
What is a state function?
A property that depends only on the current state of the system, not on how it got there; it's pathway-independent.
Give examples of state functions.
Altitude change, enthalpy (H), and entropy (S).