Applications of Thermodynamics

Only in the products side!

No!

Only in the reactants side!

Yes!

I, II, and III

I and II

I only

II and III only

G

H

S

Q

Compressing Nitrogen Gas at Constant Temperature

Condensation of steam into liquid water under standard conditions

Freezing water into ice under standard conditions

Evaporation of water into vapor under standard conditions

It decreases because fusion absorbs heat from surroundings reducing thermal energy available for molecular motion.

It remains unchanged since there's no difference in total energy between ice and water molecules during melting point conditions.

It increases due to more disorderly molecular motion in liquid water compared to ice.

It decreases since converting a solid lattice structure into liquid introduces order into system initially present only within individual water molecules' vibrations.

Three, the sign of ∆G° is independent of temperature and solely depends on enthalpy and entropy values

One, a negative value of ∆G° indicates spontaneous reaction at all temperatures

Two, a zero value of ∆G° suggests equilibrium state regardless of temperature variations

Yet, a positive value of ∆G° indicates non-spontaneous reaction at high temperatures

Mixing two gases does not change system's total entropies but compressing decreases it by reducing volume with no new randomness added nor old randomness removed just less space available now than before only without other alterations happening concurrently alongside this particular transformation itself alone simply put straightforwardly speaking matter-of-factly verbatim directly plainly clearly unequivocally unmistakably explicitly distinctly outright categorically baldly flatly bluntly roundly thoroughly completely totally wholly utterly fully absolutely entirely altogether comprehensively extensively exhaustively inclusively universally sweepingly broadly widely vastly expansively pervasively massively hugely enormously tremendously colossally monumentally staggeringly astronomically prodigiously stupendously phenomenally extraordinarily incredibly supremely exceptionally remarkably notably distinguishedly preeminently outstandingly singularly uniquely especially particularly specifically precisely exactly sharply acutely keenly finely subtly delicately minutely microscopically intricately complexly complicately convolutedlyn twistedlyn circuitously elaborately ornately fancily decoratively ornamentaly embellishedlyn festoonedlyn garlandedlyn floweredlyn flounced lyn frilled lyn furbelowed lyn ruffled lyn spangled lyn bejeweled lyn gemmed lyn jeweled lin bedizened lin bespangled lin gaudied lin blinged lin sparkledlin glitteredlin twinkledlin shone-lin brightenedlin illuminated-lin lighted-lin irradiated-lin emanated-lin luminesced-lin fluoresced-ling phosphoresced-ling glowed-ling radiated-ling transilluminated-ling ...

Both mixing two gases and compressing a gas will increase total system's total entropies since they add energy into systems respectively meanwhile causing more chaotic movements among molecules within each circumstance respectively thereto therewithal thenceforth thereafter hereinafter hereinbelow hereunto unto suchwise ergo propter hoc post hoc ergo propter hoc vice versa mutatis mutandis ipso facto de facto ex officio sine qua non prima facie on its face per se ex ante ex post facto ad hoc ad libitum ad infinitum ad nauseam cum laude magna cum laude summa cum laude valedictorian salutatorian class president head boy head girl team captain MVP most valuable player best all around perfect attendance full scholarship honor roll dean's list president's list phi beta kappa summa cum laude graduate with honors first class honors upper second-class honors lower second-class honors third-class honors pass fail incomplete withdraw drop out audit credit no credit pass/fail satisfactory/unsatisfactory good/fair/poor excellent/very good/good/fair/poor plus/minus check/check minus zero points partial credit extra credit bonus points penalty deduction multiple attempts allowed repeatable unlimited retries do-over mulligan take-backsies...

...

Mixing two gases increases total system's total entropy while compressing decreases it.

The recrystallization process below the melting point leads to greater disorder due to defects within the crystal lattice structure.

Particles have greater freedom of movement above the melting point than at absolute zero where they are fixed in place.

At absolute zero, there are more microstates accessible making the entropy lower than when the substance is melted.

Particles exhibit stronger intermolecular forces at absolute zero leading to higher order and decreased randomness compared to above melting points.

The entropy remains constant since there is no exchange of heat or work with the surroundings.

The entropy decreases due to a decrease in temperature associated with expansion into a vacuum.

The entropy increases due to an increase in pressure that occurs upon expanding into a larger volume.

The entropy increases because the gas molecules have more microstates available in the larger volume.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution freezing because it goes from less ordered liquid state to a more ordered solid state.

Carbon dioxide subliming because its molecules go from solid directly into a gaseous state without becoming a liquid first.

Iodine crystals (I2), because solid to liquid transition leads to increased molecular motion and disorder.

Ethanol evaporating because it involves a phase change from liquid with some order to vapor with complete disorder.