Equilibrium
What must be true for a chemical system to have reached equilibrium?
No more products can be formed.
The temperature must be at standard conditions.
The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of reverse reaction.
All reactants have been used up.
What is assumed to be true when calculating an equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction occurring in aqueous solution?
Concentrations do not change with time once equilibrium is reached.
Concentrations decrease as precipitates form out of solution.
Concentrations steadily increase until all reactants are used up.
Concentrations oscillate periodically due to temperature changes.
In carbonated beverages, CO_2 dissolves in water forming carbonic acid; what role does understanding its K_c play in packaging these drinks?
Ensuring CO_2 remains dissolved under pressure prevents loss of fizz and taste when bottles or cans are sealed.
Calculating necessary antioxidants amounts required to prevent vitamin degradation over shelf life duration.
Determining how much sugar can dissolve before crystallization occurs during refrigeration processes.
Establishing safety protocols for avoiding excessive oxygen exposure which could spoil flavors upon opening.
Which quantity is represented by the lowercase letter "k" in chemical equilibrium expressions?
The coefficient of reactivity
The equilibrium constant
The kinetic energy variable
The rate constant
If the rate constants for the forward and backward reactions are represented by kf and kr respectively, how significant is the ratio of kf/kr in calculating the value of K for an equilibrating system?
The ratio does not play any role in determining the value of K since the temperature is a stronger influence on the system's equilibria.
The ratio is known only after K has been established, making it unnecessary for collating the rate constants initially.
The ratio indicates the speed at reaching equilibrium but does not relate to the actual value of K equilibrium.
The ratio of kf/kr is directly related to the calculated value of K as their ratio is equal to K under given conditions.
Iodine is reacted with chlorine gas in order to form iodine monochloride with the following equation: I₂(s) +Cl₂(g) ⇌ 2ICl (g) . It is found that it occurs in a 2.0 L container, and that the reaction has now reached equilibrium. There is known to be 55 grams of solid iodine as well as a concentration of Cl₂ being 1.5*1...
420
0.0024
5.6*10⁻⁶
3.8*10³
If a reaction A + B ⇌ C has an equilibrium constant (K) value greater than 1, which direction is favored at equilibrium?
Neither direction is favored.
Toward products (C)
Toward reactants (A and B)
The reaction does not reach equilibrium.

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In a balanced chemical equation used to calculate K, what do the exponents on concentration terms represent?
The volume of the container in which the reaction occurs.
The stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation.
The change in concentration over time for reactants and products.
The initial concentrations of reactants and products.
If a mixture containing SOCl_2(g) and Cl_2(g) at equilibrium was found to have a decreased [SOCl_2] after increasing volume at constant temperature, what could be inferred about Δn_g for this system?
Δn_g > 0
Δn_g < 0
The value of Δn_g cannot be determined without additional data.
Δn_g = 0
Given the balanced chemical equation 2 NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → HNO₃(aq) + HNO₂(aq), which species is the limiting reactant when 2 moles of NO₂ and 1 mole of H₂O are combined?
HNO₂
H₂O
HNO₃
NO₂