Glossary
Aging Population
A demographic trend where the median age of a population rises due to declining birth rates and increasing life expectancy, potentially leading to labor shortages and increased social welfare costs.
Example:
中国面临人口老龄化的严峻问题，这可能导致劳动力减少和社会保障体系的压力增大。
China Evergrande Group Crisis
The financial distress of one of China's largest property developers, Evergrande, which highlighted systemic risks in the country's real estate sector due to high debt and slowing sales.
Example:
中国恒大集团危机引发了对中国房地产市场稳定性的担忧，并可能对全球经济产生连锁反应。
Economic Growth
An increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, often measured by GDP growth.
Example:
中国在过去几十年经历了显著的经济增长，使其成为世界第二大经济体。
Economic Reforms
Policy changes implemented by a government to improve economic performance, often involving market-based pricing, privatization, and opening to foreign trade.
Example:
邓小平时代启动的经济改革，如允许私营企业发展，极大地刺激了中国的经济活力。
Environmental Challenges
Issues such as pollution, deforestation, and resource depletion that arise from rapid economic development and require significant investment to mitigate.
Example:
快速工业化带来了严重的环境挑战，例如空气污染和水污染，影响了人民的生活质量。
Foreign Investment
Capital, technology, and expertise flowing into a country from abroad, boosting productivity and economic development.
Example:
吸引大量外国投资帮助中国获得了先进技术和管理经验，加速了其工业发展。
Ghost Cities
Large, newly built urban areas in China that remain largely uninhabited, often due to overbuilding, misaligned planning, or anticipation of future population growth that has not yet materialized.
Example:
一些中国城市因过度建设而被称为鬼城，这些地方有大量空置的公寓楼和商业区。
Housing Bubble
A rapid and unsustainable increase in housing prices, often fueled by speculation and easy credit, which can burst and lead to economic instability.
Example:
许多人担心中国房地产市场存在房地产泡沫，因为房价上涨过快且脱离了实际需求。
Income Inequality
The uneven distribution of wealth and income among a population, often leading to social disparities and potential instability.
Example:
尽管经济快速发展，但中国仍面临城乡之间和不同群体之间日益加剧的收入不平等问题。
Industrialization
The process by which an economy transforms from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.
Example:
通过大规模的工业化，中国从一个农业社会迅速转变为全球制造业中心。
Regulatory Scrutiny (Real Estate)
Increased government oversight and stricter rules imposed on the real estate sector to curb speculation, manage debt, and promote stable development.
Example:
为了控制房地产市场的风险，中国政府加强了对开发商的监管审查，限制了他们的借贷能力。
Rising Debt Levels
An increase in the amount of money owed by governments, corporations, or individuals, which can pose financial risks if not managed sustainably.
Example:
地方政府和房地产企业的债务水平上升是中国经济面临的一个潜在风险，需要密切关注。
Slowdown in Economic Growth
A decrease in the rate at which an economy is growing, often indicated by a lower GDP growth percentage.
Example:
近年来，中国经济面临经济增长放缓的挑战，从两位数增长降至中高速增长。
Trade Tensions
Disputes or conflicts between countries over trade policies, tariffs, and market access, which can negatively impact global commerce.
Example:
中美之间的贸易摩擦对全球供应链和两国经济都产生了显著影响。
Urbanization
The population shift from rural areas to urban areas, leading to the growth of cities and increased demand for infrastructure and services.
Example:
随着大量人口涌入城市寻找工作，中国的城镇化进程非常迅速，改变了社会面貌。