All Flashcards
What is the function of the Executive Branch?
Enforces laws, proposes legislation, manages bureaucracy.
What is the function of the Legislative Branch?
Makes laws; represents the people.
What is the function of the Judicial Branch?
Interprets laws; ensures fairness and consistency.
Role of the Prime Minister?
Head of government in a parliamentary system; chosen by the legislature.
Role of the President (Presidential System)?
Head of state and head of government; enforces laws.
Role of the Bureaucracy?
Implements government policies; provides public services.
What is the role of Parliament?
Legislative body in parliamentary system; makes laws and holds executive accountable.
What is the role of Congress?
Legislative body in presidential system; makes laws.
What is the role of a Cabinet?
Advises the executive branch; helps implement policies.
What is the function of the Judiciary?
Interprets laws and ensures they are applied fairly.
Define Parliamentary System.
Legislative branch chooses the executive (Prime Minister).
Define Presidential System.
Executive is separate from legislative/judicial. President is head of state and government.
Define Semi-Presidential System.
Combines elements of parliamentary and presidential systems.
Define Executive Branch.
Enforces laws and manages the bureaucracy.
Define Bureaucracy.
System of administration for executing laws.
Define Legislative Branch.
Lawmaking body (parliament or congress).
Define Judicial Branch.
Interprets and analyzes laws.
Define Legitimacy.
The degree to which people accept the government's authority.
What is meant by 'head of state'?
The official representative of a country, often a symbolic role.
What is meant by 'head of government'?
The person responsible for the day-to-day running of the government.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Executive selection?
Parliamentary: Legislature chooses executive. Presidential: Voters directly elect executive.
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Head of state/government?
Parliamentary: Separate (PM/Monarch). Presidential: Combined in President.
Presidential vs. Semi-Presidential: Executive Power?
Presidential: President holds most executive power. Semi-Presidential: Power shared between President and PM.
Parliamentary vs. Semi-Presidential: Executive Accountability?
Parliamentary: Executive accountable to legislature. Semi-Presidential: PM accountable to legislature, President less so.
Presidential vs. Parliamentary: Stability?
Presidential: Fixed terms offer stability. Parliamentary: Can face votes of no confidence.
Presidential vs. Semi-Presidential: Dual Executive?
Presidential: Single executive (President). Semi-Presidential: Dual executive (President and PM).
Parliamentary vs. Presidential: Separation of Powers?
Parliamentary: Fusion of powers. Presidential: Separation of powers.
Semi-Presidential vs. Presidential: Executive Legitimacy?
Semi-Presidential: Dual source of legitimacy (President elected, PM appointed). Presidential: Single source (President elected).
Parliamentary vs. Semi-Presidential: Executive Structure?
Parliamentary: Single executive (Prime Minister). Semi-Presidential: Dual executive (President and Prime Minister).
Presidential vs. Parliamentary: Executive Term Length?
Presidential: Fixed term. Parliamentary: Depends on confidence of legislature.