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How does executive control over judicial appointments affect judicial independence?
Cause: Executive appoints judges. Effect: Compromised independence due to loyalty.
How does military influence affect judicial legitimacy in Nigeria?
Cause: Past military influence. Effect: Reduced judicial legitimacy.
How does Sharia law affect human rights in Iran?
Cause: Sharia law as ultimate authority. Effect: Unequal treatment and human rights issues.
How does corruption affect judicial legitimacy in Mexico?
Cause: Corruption. Effect: Reduced judicial legitimacy.
How does the CCP's control affect civil liberty protection in China?
Cause: CCP control of judiciary. Effect: Lack of civil liberty protection.
Define judicial review.
The power of the judiciary to interpret laws and strike down those that violate the constitution.
What is parliamentary sovereignty?
The principle that parliament is supreme and can make or overturn any law; the judiciary cannot strike down laws.
Define judicial independence.
The ability of courts and judges to rule impartially, without influence or pressure from other branches of government or private interests.
What are checks and balances?
A system where different branches of government limit each other's powers.
What is the rule of law?
The principle that all individuals and institutions are subject to and accountable to the law, which is fairly applied and enforced.
Compare judicial independence in the UK and Russia.
UK: No true independence due to parliamentary sovereignty. Russia: No true independence due to executive control over appointments.
Compare judicial independence in Mexico and Nigeria.
Mexico: Transitioning towards independence with judicial review. Nigeria: Transitioning, but faces political interference.
Compare judicial independence in China and Iran.
China: No true independence, CCP controls the judiciary. Iran: No true independence, Supreme Leader appoints judges, Sharia law prevails.
Contrast judicial selection in the UK and China.
UK: Judicial Appointments Commission ensures fairness. China: CCP influences appointments despite qualifications.
How do judicial term lengths differ in Iran and the UK?
Iran: Chief Justice serves a 5-year term. UK: Judges are appointed for life.
Compare the authority of courts in the UK and Mexico.
UK: Courts cannot strike down laws. Mexico: Supreme Court interprets the constitution.