All Flashcards
Define judicial review.
The power of the judiciary to interpret laws and strike down those that violate the constitution.
What is parliamentary sovereignty?
The principle that parliament is supreme and can make or overturn any law; the judiciary cannot strike down laws.
Define judicial independence.
The ability of courts and judges to rule impartially, without influence or pressure from other branches of government or private interests.
What are checks and balances?
A system where different branches of government limit each other's powers.
What is the rule of law?
The principle that all individuals and institutions are subject to and accountable to the law, which is fairly applied and enforced.
How does executive control over judicial appointments affect judicial independence?
Cause: Executive appoints judges. Effect: Compromised independence due to loyalty.
How does military influence affect judicial legitimacy in Nigeria?
Cause: Past military influence. Effect: Reduced judicial legitimacy.
How does Sharia law affect human rights in Iran?
Cause: Sharia law as ultimate authority. Effect: Unequal treatment and human rights issues.
How does corruption affect judicial legitimacy in Mexico?
Cause: Corruption. Effect: Reduced judicial legitimacy.
How does the CCP's control affect civil liberty protection in China?
Cause: CCP control of judiciary. Effect: Lack of civil liberty protection.
What is the role of the Judicial Appointments Commission in the UK?
Ensures fairness and diversity in judicial selection.
What role does the Supreme Leader play in Iran's judiciary?
Appoints judges and ensures Sharia law is upheld.
What is the function of Mexico's Supreme Court?
Interprets the constitution and ensures all processes are constitutional.