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What is Civil Society?
Collective action of citizens based on shared interests, values, and goals, separate from government and for-profit businesses.
Define 'third sector'.
Civil society; the space where citizens organize to make their voices heard and their needs met, separate from government and business.
What is an NGO?
Non-Governmental Organization: National and international groups pursuing policy goals.
Define 'Political Participation'.
Citizen involvement in the political system, including voting, protesting, and civil society engagement.
What is democratization?
The transition of a regime from authoritarian to democratic, often influenced by civil society.
Define 'Authoritarianism'.
A political system where power is concentrated in a single leader or small group, with limited political freedoms.
What is a 'Flawed Democracy'?
A regime with some democratic characteristics but also significant limitations on political freedoms and fairness.
Define 'Regime Type'.
The form of government and political system in a country (e.g., democracy, authoritarianism).
What is 'Political Freedom'?
The ability of citizens to express their views, organize, and participate in the political process without fear of reprisal.
Define 'Femicide'.
The intentional killing of women because they are women.
Compare civil society in the UK and Russia.
UK: Well-established, influential, government supported. Russia: Limited participation, heavily restricted by government.
Contrast civil society in Mexico and China.
Mexico: Lively, focused on human rights. China: Emerging, tightly controlled by the government.
Compare civil society in Nigeria and Iran.
Nigeria: Underdeveloped, limited by authoritarian history. Iran: Extremely limited, suppressed by the government.
Contrast civil society in a democracy and an authoritarian regime.
Democracy: Strong, protected, influential. Authoritarian: Suppressed, limited, restricted.
Compare formal and informal civil society.
Formal: Registered organizations with defined structures. Informal: Movements, protests, less structured.
Contrast civil society before and after 2000 in Mexico.
Before: Limited by PRI control. After: Lively, focused on human rights.
Compare civil society development in Nigeria and Russia.
Nigeria: Emerging post-colonial, limited by corruption. Russia: Emerging post-Soviet, limited by government.
Contrast civil society in China and Iran regarding government control.
China: Tightly controls media, internet, religious groups. Iran: Restricts gatherings, free speech, targets activists.
Compare the role of civil society in policy making in the UK and Nigeria.
UK: Active and influential in policy making. Nigeria: Limited influence due to authoritarian history and corruption.
Contrast civil society limitations in Mexico and Russia.
Mexico: Historically limited by PRI, now focused on human rights. Russia: Heavily limited by government restrictions and harassment.
Cause and effect: Economic opening in China.
Cause: Shift towards market economy. Effect: Emergence of civil society focused on charity and legal reform.
Cause and effect: Government suppression of civil society.
Cause: Desire to maintain power. Effect: Limited political freedoms, restricted organizations, public mistrust.
Cause and effect: PRI control in Mexico.
Cause: Dominant political party. Effect: Historically limited civil society development.
Cause and effect: Authoritarian history in Nigeria.
Cause: Past military rule. Effect: Underdeveloped civil society, limited by government regulation.
Cause and effect: Death of Mahsa Amini in Iran.
Cause: Alleged morality police brutality. Effect: Protests against Islamic law, government crackdowns.
Cause and effect: Government crackdowns on protests in Iran.
Cause: Challenge to regime legitimacy. Effect: Arrests, executions, further suppression of civil society.
Cause and effect: Violence and drug cartels in Mexico.
Cause: Organized crime and impunity. Effect: Focus of civil society on human rights advocacy.
Cause and effect: Public mistrust due to corruption in Nigeria.
Cause: Perceived government malfeasance. Effect: Limited participation in formal civil society groups.
Cause and effect: Government restrictions on foreign funding in Russia.
Cause: Desire to control civil society. Effect: Reduced resources for independent organizations.
Cause and effect: 'Ni Una Menos' movement in Mexico.
Cause: High rates of femicide and government negligence. Effect: Increased civil society action and protests.