All Flashcards
What is the purpose of gender quotas in Mexico's electoral system?
To increase female participation in government.
How do electoral rules affect party systems?
FPTP can lead to two-party systems; proportional representation can lead to multi-party systems.
How do electoral rules affect representation?
Proportional representation can ensure representation more closely reflects the national vote.
What is the effect of the 7% threshold in Russian Duma elections?
It limits the number of parties that can gain representation.
Why does Iran reserve seats in the Majles for non-Muslim minorities?
To ensure representation of these groups.
What is the impact of single-member districts on local representation?
Ensures direct representation for specific geographic areas.
What is a potential consequence of FPTP systems?
A party can win a majority of seats without winning a majority of the votes.
How does indirect election in China affect political participation?
Limits direct voter input at higher levels of government.
What is the impact of candidate vetting in Iran?
Limits the range of political viewpoints represented in the Majles.
How does the second-round voting system in Iran affect election outcomes?
Ensures winning candidates have broader support.
What is the role of the UK's House of Commons?
Directly elected members from single-member districts using FPTP.
What is the role of Mexico's Chamber of Deputies?
300 members elected in single-member districts, 200 by proportional representation.
What is the role of Nigeria's House of Representatives?
Members directly elected in single-member districts; number based on state population.
What is the role of Russia's State Duma?
Half elected from single-member districts, half by proportional representation (with a threshold).
How are members of China's National People's Congress selected?
Indirectly, through a series of local and regional elections.
What is the role of Iran's Majles?
Members directly elected in single and multi-member districts, vetted by the Guardian Council.
What is the role of the Guardian Council in Iranian elections?
Vets candidates for the Majles.
What is the role of the Chamber of Senators in Mexico?
96 members from three-seat constituencies and 32 by proportional representation.
What is the role of the National Assembly in Nigeria?
Consists of the Senate and House of Representatives.
What determines the number of representatives each Nigerian state sends to the House?
Population size.
What are the differences between single-member and multi-member districts?
Single-member: One representative per district. Multi-member: Multiple representatives per district.
What are the differences between FPTP and proportional representation?
FPTP: Winner takes all, can lead to two-party system. Proportional: Seats allocated based on vote share, promotes multi-party systems.
Compare the electoral systems of the UK and Nigeria.
Both use single-member districts with FPTP for national legislatures.
Compare the electoral systems of Mexico and Russia.
Both use mixed systems with single-member districts and proportional representation.
Compare the electoral systems of China and Iran.
China: Indirect elections. Iran: Single and multi-member districts with vetting.
Compare the Chamber of Deputies and Chamber of Senators in Mexico.
Deputies: Single-member districts & proportional representation. Senators: Multi-member districts & proportional representation.
How does the UK's electoral system differ from the US?
Both use single-member districts, but the UK uses FPTP, while the US uses various methods including majority vote.
Compare the single-member district elections in the UK and Iran.
UK: Simple FPTP. Iran: Requires a minimum vote share (1/4th) and may have a second round.
What is a key difference between proportional representation in Mexico and Russia?
Russia has a threshold (7%) for parties to gain seats, Mexico does not.
How do gender quotas in Mexico differ from proportional representation?
Quotas target specific groups (women), proportional representation targets fair party representation.