Party Systems & Electoral Participation
In which type of electoral system do voters have the chance to rank candidates by preference rather than selecting just one?
Multi-winner ranked-choice voting (RCV) or single transferable vote (STV)
Closed-list proportional representation
Single non-transferable vote (SNTV)
Two-round runoff voting
What is the name given to the form of government where one person possesses unlimited power without effective constitutional limitations?
Absolute monarchy
Oligarchy
Federal republic
Democracy
What type of electoral system allows voters to cast ballots directly for specific legislation or policies?
Closed-list proportional representation (CLPR)
Proportional representation
Referendum
Single-member district plurality (SMDP)
How can the use of majoritarian electoral rules affect the policy-making process within democratic regimes?
Fosters clear accountability by creating strong executive mandates
Increases the chances for minority parties' influence on legislation
Promotes consensus politics and centrist policy outcomes
Encourages broad coalition-building across diverse interest groups
Which feature is most commonly associated with majoritarian electoral systems?
Seats awarded based on proportionality across large regions.
The division of constituencies into multiple member districts.
The use of national party lists for seat allocation.
The requirement for candidates to obtain an absolute majority to win an election.
Which country lacks a formal political party structure for its legislative body and has a body of Islamic scholars responsible for vetting candidates?
Nigeria
Iran
Russia
UK
What impact does a mixed-member proportional representation system have on political institutions' ability to manage social challenges effectively?
It allows for direct citizen engagement through referendums which can bypass legislative gridlock on pressing social issues.
It increases executive strength by reducing legislative checks which expedites policy responses but may reduce democratic oversight over social decisions made by government officials or bodies.
It balances constituency service with fair representation by combining district representatives with those elected from party lists based on nationwide votes.
It centralizes power within one dominant party leading to quicker decision-making but less public accountability for social policies implemented.

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What impact does mandatory voting have on political campaigns in countries where it is enforced compared to those without such requirements?
Campaigns may disregard policy promotion entirely, focusing solely on negative campaigning against opponents since turnout isn't an issue.
Campaigns focus more on policy issues rather than just mobilizing their existing supporter base, as everyone must vote.
The campaign period is significantly shorter due to high administrative costs associated with enforcing mandatory voting regulations.
Political advertising is banned altogether during campaign periods so as not to disrupt normalcy for uninterested compulsory voters.
Which type of electoral system tends to produce a two-party system?
Proportional representation systems
Plurality electoral systems
Mixed electoral systems
Consensus electoral systems
What electoral system typically leads to a two-party system due to its winner-take-all approach in single-member districts?
Mixed electoral system
Proportional representation
First-past-the-post
Single transferable vote