Political & Economic Change in Development
Which of the following is NOT an impact of the "resource curse"?
Focus on one type of export industry while excluding other industries.
Increased economic diversification.
Lack of accountability to citizens.
Severe revenue fluctuations based on the world market.
Which reform initiative could most effectively address water scarcity in a federal system without exacerbating regional inequalities or tensions?
Implementing national water pricing standards with differential rates based on regional cost-of-living adjustments, inspired by Canada’s water management policies.
Centralizing water distribution authority at the national level to ensure equitable access across regions, following India's centralized initiatives.
Encouraging states within the federation to develop individual desalination projects financed by public-private partnerships, as seen in Australia.
Promoting nationwide conservation efforts through federally funded education programs about sustainable usage and practices used in Germany.
In the context of natural resource distribution, what role can government policy play in balancing state interests with individual rights?
Eliminating all forms of state intervention in the market mechanism for natural resources distribution.
Outsourcing resource management entirely to foreign corporations without any domestic oversight.
Implementing regulations that ensure equitable sharing of resource wealth among citizens.
Concentrating all decision-making power regarding resource allocation within the central government exclusively.
What impact does discovering valuable minerals most likely have on local populations’ expectations from their government?
Requirements that locals sell mined minerals directly on international markets.
Obligations for all residents to become employed within mining industries.
Demands that individuals handle negotiations with foreign corporations independently.
Increased expectations for economic development and improved infrastructure.
What is one of the consequences of the intense nationalization of oil under Putin in Russia?
A shift towards economic liberalization and privatization of oil industries.
A reduction in revenue derived from oil exports.
An increase in government transparency and accountability.
A decrease in wealth concentration among the oligarchs.
What does the process of globalization make easier for countries regarding natural resources?
The establishment of multinational resource corporations.
The process of resource extraction and exploitation.
The distribution of resources among countries.
Access to information about resources in other countries.
How might a country rich in natural resources, like oil, impact the political culture regarding state-society relations?
Heightened support for global interventionism to secure additional resources.
Lowered participation in politics because of environmental concerns associated with resource extraction.
Strengthened commitment to free-market principles due to international trade opportunities.
Increased expectations for social services and subsidies from the government due to resource wealth.

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How might a country with vast oil reserves be influenced by resource curse when adopting economic policies?
The government heavily invests in renewable energy sources to diversify the economy.
Oil profits are used to significantly lower taxes for citizens, increasing disposable income.
The state allocates substantial funds for education and healthcare from oil revenues.
The government may neglect other sectors, leading to an over-reliance on oil exports.
Which outcome has been most commonly associated with interest groups lobbying for fair distribution of oil wealth in countries that rely heavily on petroleum exports?
A significant shift towards renewable energy investment.
Implementation of revenue-sharing policies among different regions or social groups.
Complete privatization of national oil companies.
Deregulation of the oil industry to foster competition.
Which form of government is characterized by a single party holding power and controlling most aspects of political and economic life?
Authoritarian regime
Constitutional monarchy
Parliamentary democracy
Federal republic