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What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is a false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
Define the appeal to authority fallacy.
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said so, without sufficient evidence.
What is a post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
Explain the slippery slope fallacy.
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences, without sufficient evidence.
What is the red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the main issue.
Define begging the question (circular reasoning).
Assuming the conclusion in the premise, without providing any real evidence.
What is a claim?
Your main point or thesis in an argument.
What is evidence?
Facts, examples, and data used to support a claim.
What is reasoning in argumentation?
Explaining *how* evidence supports a claim.
What is a counterargument?
Addressing opposing viewpoints in an argument.
What is refutation?
Explaining why a counterargument doesn't undermine the main claim.
Define argumentation.
The process of building and defending a position with evidence and reasoning.
What is rhetorical analysis?
Understanding how writers use language to persuade their audience.
What is synthesis in writing?
Combining information from multiple sources to form a cohesive argument.
What does 'complexity' mean in AP Lang?
Demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the issues.
Define assumption in an argument.
An underlying belief or premise taken for granted but not explicitly stated.
What is the effect of a formal tone?
Creates a sense of authority and professionalism; suitable for academic or serious topics.
What is the impact of an informal style?
Creates a relaxed and relatable atmosphere; suitable for personal essays or friendly communication.
How does a sarcastic tone affect meaning?
Implies the opposite of what is said, often to mock or criticize.
What is the effect of a persuasive style?
Aims to convince the audience to adopt a particular viewpoint or take a specific action.
How does an objective tone influence a text?
Presents information without personal feelings or biases, enhancing credibility and neutrality.
What is the effect of using a humorous tone?
Engages the audience, lightens the mood, and can make complex topics more accessible.
How does a critical style affect the audience?
Analyzes and evaluates a subject, often pointing out flaws or weaknesses.
What is the impact of using a passionate tone?
Conveys strong emotions and enthusiasm, making the argument more compelling and engaging.
How does a reflective style influence writing?
Encourages introspection and contemplation, inviting the audience to consider deeper meanings and implications.
What is the effect of using a descriptive style?
Creates vivid imagery and detailed portrayals, immersing the audience in the subject matter.