All Flashcards
What is a claim?
Your main point or thesis in an argument.
What is evidence?
Facts, examples, and data used to support a claim.
What is reasoning in argumentation?
Explaining how evidence supports a claim.
What is a counterargument?
Addressing opposing viewpoints in an argument.
What is refutation?
Explaining why a counterargument doesn't undermine the main claim.
Define argumentation.
The process of building and defending a position with evidence and reasoning.
What is rhetorical analysis?
Understanding how writers use language to persuade their audience.
What is synthesis in writing?
Combining information from multiple sources to form a cohesive argument.
What does 'complexity' mean in AP Lang?
Demonstrating a nuanced understanding of the issues.
Define assumption in an argument.
An underlying belief or premise taken for granted but not explicitly stated.
What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is a false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
Define the appeal to authority fallacy.
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said so, without sufficient evidence.
What is a post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
Explain the slippery slope fallacy.
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences, without sufficient evidence.
What is the red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention from the main issue.
Define begging the question (circular reasoning).
Assuming the conclusion in the premise, without providing any real evidence.
What is the 'Present, Explain, Refute' strategy?
A method for addressing new evidence that challenges your argument: present the evidence, explain how it challenges your position, and refute it.
Explain the use of rhetorical questions.
Questions asked for effect rather than requiring an answer; engages the audience and emphasizes a point.
What is an appeal to ethos?
Using credibility and ethical character to persuade an audience.
What is an appeal to pathos?
Using emotional appeals to persuade an audience.
What is an appeal to logos?
Using logic and reason to persuade an audience.
How does a metaphor function rhetorically?
It compares two unlike things to create a vivid image or deeper understanding, adding persuasive power.
Explain the rhetorical effect of using repetition.
Repetition emphasizes key ideas, creates rhythm, and enhances memorability, thus strengthening the argument.
How does diction affect the tone of a piece?
Word choice (diction) directly influences the tone, creating a formal, informal, serious, or humorous effect.
What is the purpose of concession in an argument?
Concession acknowledges the validity of a counterargument, which builds credibility and strengthens the overall argument.
Explain the use of anecdotes in persuasive writing.
Anecdotes are brief, personal stories used to illustrate a point, making the argument more relatable and engaging.