All Flashcards
What is a counterargument?
An argument opposing your main argument, challenging its validity.
What is an alternative perspective?
A different viewpoint or interpretation of the same topic.
Define refutation.
The act of disproving or countering an argument.
What does it mean to qualify an argument?
To limit or clarify the scope of an argument using words, phrases, or clauses.
What is a thesis statement?
A clear, concise statement that presents the main argument of an essay.
Define synthesis in the context of essay writing.
Combining information from multiple sources to create a cohesive argument.
Define rhetoric.
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.
What is argumentation?
The process of forming reasons, justifying beliefs, and drawing conclusions with the aim of influencing the thoughts and/or actions of others.
Define rhetorical choice.
The specific techniques an author uses to convey their message.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.
What is concession and how is it used?
Acknowledging the validity of an opposing viewpoint to build credibility.
What is appeals to logos and how is it used?
Using logic, reasoning, and evidence to persuade an audience.
What is appeals to pathos and how is it used?
Using emotional appeals to persuade an audience.
What is appeals to ethos and how is it used?
Establishing credibility and trustworthiness to persuade an audience.
What is the rhetorical effect of using metaphors?
Metaphors create vivid imagery and can make abstract ideas more relatable.
What is the rhetorical effect of using imperative language?
Imperative language creates a sense of urgency or direct address to the audience.
What is the effect of using rhetorical questions?
Rhetorical questions engage the audience and prompt them to think critically about the topic.
What is the effect of using repetition?
Repetition emphasizes key ideas and reinforces the author's message.
What is the effect of using anecdotes?
Anecdotes make the argument more relatable and engaging for the audience.
What is the effect of using analogies?
Analogies clarify complex concepts by comparing them to familiar ideas.
What is the Toulmin model of argumentation?
A structure including claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal.
What is inductive reasoning?
Drawing a general conclusion from specific examples or observations.
What is deductive reasoning?
Starting with a general statement and applying it to a specific case.
Describe the purpose of a claim.
A claim is the main argument or point that the writer is trying to make.
Describe the purpose of evidence in an argument.
Evidence supports the claim and provides reasons for the audience to accept it.
What is a warrant in argumentation?
A warrant is the underlying assumption that connects the claim and the evidence.
What is the purpose of backing in an argument?
Backing provides additional support for the warrant, making it more credible.
What is the role of a qualifier in an argument?
A qualifier limits the scope of the claim, making it more precise and defensible.
What is the purpose of a rebuttal in an argument?
A rebuttal addresses potential counterarguments and explains why they are not valid.
What is the purpose of a call to action in an argument?
A call to action urges the audience to take a specific action based on the argument.