All Flashcards
What is concession and how is it used?
Acknowledging the validity of an opposing viewpoint to build credibility.
What is appeals to logos and how is it used?
Using logic, reasoning, and evidence to persuade an audience.
What is appeals to pathos and how is it used?
Using emotional appeals to persuade an audience.
What is appeals to ethos and how is it used?
Establishing credibility and trustworthiness to persuade an audience.
What is the rhetorical effect of using metaphors?
Metaphors create vivid imagery and can make abstract ideas more relatable.
What is the rhetorical effect of using imperative language?
Imperative language creates a sense of urgency or direct address to the audience.
What is the effect of using rhetorical questions?
Rhetorical questions engage the audience and prompt them to think critically about the topic.
What is the effect of using repetition?
Repetition emphasizes key ideas and reinforces the author's message.
What is the effect of using anecdotes?
Anecdotes make the argument more relatable and engaging for the audience.
What is the effect of using analogies?
Analogies clarify complex concepts by comparing them to familiar ideas.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is an ad hominem fallacy?
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a false dilemma fallacy?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a hasty generalization fallacy?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is a post hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is an appeal to authority fallacy?
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said it.
What is a red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main argument.
What is a begging the question fallacy?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise of the argument.
What is the Toulmin model of argumentation?
A structure including claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal.
What is inductive reasoning?
Drawing a general conclusion from specific examples or observations.
What is deductive reasoning?
Starting with a general statement and applying it to a specific case.
Describe the purpose of a claim.
A claim is the main argument or point that the writer is trying to make.
Describe the purpose of evidence in an argument.
Evidence supports the claim and provides reasons for the audience to accept it.
What is a warrant in argumentation?
A warrant is the underlying assumption that connects the claim and the evidence.
What is the purpose of backing in an argument?
Backing provides additional support for the warrant, making it more credible.
What is the role of a qualifier in an argument?
A qualifier limits the scope of the claim, making it more precise and defensible.
What is the purpose of a rebuttal in an argument?
A rebuttal addresses potential counterarguments and explains why they are not valid.
What is the purpose of a call to action in an argument?
A call to action urges the audience to take a specific action based on the argument.