Creates a sophisticated, authoritative, and respectful impression.

Creates a casual, relatable, and friendly impression.

Evokes feelings of sadness, seriousness, and reflection.

Evokes feelings of happiness, optimism, and excitement.

Conveys confidence, directness, and conviction.

Conveys uncertainty, doubt, and tentativeness.

Creates humor through irony and mockery, often with a critical edge.

Creates vivid imagery and engages the reader's senses.

Aims to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint or course of action.

Expresses disapproval or judgment, often highlighting flaws or weaknesses.

The arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to build sentences.

Word choice; it shapes the tone and atmosphere of writing.

Subject performs the action (e.g., The cat chased the mouse).

Subject receives the action (e.g., The mouse was chased by the cat).

Using the same pattern of words to show equal importance.

Repeating a word or phrase at the beginning of clauses or sentences.

A question asked for effect, not an answer.

The feeling a word evokes.

A word's literal meaning.

A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence; it depends on the main clause.

Highlights key ideas; creates emphasis. Example: Fear is a powerful motivator.

Creates rhythm and emphasizes equal importance. Example: We came, we saw, we conquered.

Shows understanding of nuanced ideas; adds sophistication.

Subject performs the action; creates stronger writing.

Subject receives the action; can sound weak.

Using sophisticated language; creates a formal tone.

Using everyday language; creates a casual tone.

Repeating a word or phrase; emphasizes the repeated element and creates rhythm.

Using precise terms; makes arguments clear and convincing.

Engages the audience and prompts reflection without seeking a direct answer.