All Flashcards
What is the effect of energy transformations?
Energy transformations always result in some energy being converted to less usable forms, like heat, increasing entropy.
What is the effect of the 10% rule on top predators?
Top predators need large territories to find enough food because only 10% of energy is transferred at each trophic level.
What is the effect of increased entropy?
Energy transformations result in losses to waste heat, reducing the amount of energy available at each trophic level.
What is the effect of energy loss as heat?
Limits the length of food chains and the number of trophic levels.
What is the effect of low energy transfer rates?
High entropy in trophic levels.
What is the effect of the 10% rule on top predators?
Top predators need large territories to find enough food.
What is the effect of photosynthesis?
It allows energy to enter the food chain.
What are the steps of energy flow through a food chain?
- Producers capture solar energy. 2. Herbivores eat producers. 3. Carnivores eat herbivores. 4. Decomposers break down dead organisms.
What are the steps of photosynthesis?
- Plants absorb sunlight. 2. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water. 3. Plants convert sunlight, CO2, and water into glucose and oxygen.
What are the steps of cellular respiration?
- Glucose is broken down. 2. Energy is released. 3. ATP is produced. 4. Thermal energy is released.