Define urban runoff.
Water from rain/snow flowing over man-made surfaces.
Define impervious surfaces.
Surfaces preventing water infiltration (e.g., roads).
Define permeable pavement.
Pavement allowing water to seep through.
Define green roofs.
Vegetation planted on rooftops to absorb rainwater.
Define rain gardens.
Depressions with vegetation to collect and filter runoff.
How does permeable pavement help?
Allows water to seep into the ground.
How do green roofs reduce runoff?
They absorb rainwater with vegetation.
How do rain gardens function?
Collect and filter runoff with native vegetation.
How does tree planting help?
Trees absorb rainwater and reduce runoff volume.
How does reducing impervious surfaces help?
Allows for more water infiltration into the ground.
Why is urban runoff a problem?
Reduces groundwater, increases pollution, causes erosion.
How do impervious surfaces impact groundwater?
They prevent water from seeping into the ground.
What is the primary goal of runoff mitigation?
To increase water infiltration into the ground.
How does runoff affect marine ecosystems?
Increases freshwater input and pollution levels.
Why is vertical building a solution?
Reduces the amount of paved area needed.
How does runoff impact aquatic life?
Pollutes water, harming or killing organisms.
