Land & Water Use
When designing an experiment to test how green infrastructure influences urban runoff quantity and quality, which variable would be most critical to alter between control and experimental sites?
The total area size of each urban site being compared.
The number of inhabitants living within or around each site.
The percentage of permeable surfaces within each site.
The average temperature variations experienced by each site annually.
What can be achieved by implementing green infrastructure techniques to mitigate urban runoff?
Promotion of pollution and harm to aquatic life
Preservation of impermeable surfaces and groundwater reserves
Acceleration of erosion and flooding in urban areas
Reduction of runoff volume and improvement of water quality
In what way does the establishment of retention ponds complement efforts at reducing peak flow rates during periods of high rainfall attributed to climate change?
It maximizes available space for construction by creating additional water features which can be problematic when land is scarce.
This practice provides temporary storage for excess stormwater allowing controlled release after peak demand subsides.
The introduction of retention ponds is likely to reduce the local biodiversity as they often become polluted with urban runoff.
Retention ponds generally require frequent dredging to dispose of sediment buildup thus they are not sustainable long-term solutions for managing urban runoff induced by climate change.
Which type of roof can help lower the amount of urban runoff by absorbing rainfall?
Tar-based roofs
Shingled roofs
Green roofs
Metal roofs
What is an intentional environmental alteration that cities employ to manage urban runoff?
Green roofs on buildings
Littering in streets
Acid rain from industrial emissions
Natural soil erosion
Which urban planning strategy would most effectively mitigate the heat island effect and reduce urban runoff simultaneously?
Expanding impervious surfaces for better vehicle traffic flow.
Building taller buildings to provide shade on streets and sidewalks.
Installing more air conditioning units in residential areas.
Increasing green spaces and vegetation in cities.
Which of the following is a primary concern associated with urban runoff?
Prevention of erosion and flooding in urban areas
Reduction of groundwater and influx of pollutants into water bodies
Preservation of fresh water resources and marine ecosystems
Increase in water infiltration and promotion of aquatic life

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Question: Which practice reduces the volume of urban runoff by capturing rainwater for reuse?
Height restrictions on new building constructions.
Installation of catchment systems.
Increased use of fertilizers on city parks.
Mandatory indoor plumbing updates in old buildings.
What policy initiative encourages property owners in urban settings to manage rainfall dispersion on-site rather than allowing uncontrolled runoff?
Grants for high-rise building projects
Penalties for using non-native plant species
Subsidies for impermeable driveway construction
Rain garden installation incentives
What is a purpose of green roofs in urban settings?
To decrease stormwater runoff
To increase energy consumption
To enhance air pollution
To provide habitat for large wildlife