A sustainable approach to pest control using a mix of strategies to minimize harm to the environment and human health.

Using a pest's natural enemies to control their populations.

Changing the crops grown in a field each season to disrupt pest life cycles.

Growing multiple crops together to increase biodiversity and confuse pests.

Introducing beneficial organisms to control pests.

Using pesticides judiciously and as a last resort to manage pests.

Using barriers and traps to prevent pest access.

Using techniques like crop rotation or intercropping to disrupt pest life cycles.

A pesticide that kills a wide variety of pests, including beneficial insects.

Natural predators or parasites used to control pests.

Development of pesticide resistance, harm to non-target organisms, soil and water pollution, and disruption of natural pest control mechanisms.

Increased biodiversity leads to more stable ecosystems that are less susceptible to pest outbreaks due to a variety of natural predators.

Intercropping confuses pests, reduces their ability to find host plants, and provides habitat for beneficial insects, leading to reduced pest populations.

Pesticide exposure can lead to acute poisoning, chronic health problems (e.g., cancer, neurological disorders), and endocrine disruption.

Climate change can alter pest distribution, increase pest reproduction rates, and disrupt the effectiveness of traditional control methods.

Soil degradation reduces soil fertility, increases erosion, decreases water infiltration, and reduces carbon sequestration, leading to decreased agricultural productivity and environmental damage.

Loss of natural habitats reduces the populations of natural predators and beneficial insects, increasing the reliance on chemical pesticides and disrupting natural pest control mechanisms.

Pesticide runoff contaminates water sources, harms aquatic organisms, disrupts food webs, and can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of pesticides in higher trophic levels.

Overuse of fertilizers can create imbalances in plant nutrition, making plants more susceptible to pest attacks and increasing pest reproduction rates.

Pesticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of chemical controls, leading to increased pesticide use, higher costs for farmers, and greater environmental impacts.

It helps protect soil health, water quality, and biodiversity.

More stable ecosystems that are less susceptible to pest outbreaks.

Harm to non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, and potential disruption of ecosystems.

Significant crop losses and economic impact on farmers.

Reduced pesticide use, protection of biodiversity, and sustainable crop yields.

Increased vulnerability to pest outbreaks due to lack of biodiversity.

Altered pest ranges and increased pest pressure in new areas.

Potential disruption of native ecosystems and unintended consequences.

Decreased effectiveness of chemical controls and increased reliance on alternative methods.

Weakened plant defenses and increased susceptibility to pest infestations.