Land & Water Use

IPM increases the amount of solar energy captured by plants, enhancing photosynthesis rates.

IPM uses genetically modified organisms to store more energy, disrupting traditional energy transfer.

IPM reduces the need for chemical pesticides, allowing more energy to be transferred within the food web.

IPM directly transfers kinetic energy to pests, increasing mortality rates without chemicals.

To eliminate all pests from a given area completely.

To rely solely on natural predators for pest control.

To control pest populations in an environmentally sustainable manner.

To increase the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture.

Inclusion of filler knowledge methods sensors.

Cultural controls often enhance pollinator habitats contributing positively towards overall ecosystem services provision and resilience improvement.

Agricultural yield consistency improves with diverse plantings reducing vulnerability across variations in weather conditions.

Intercropping leads to increased labor costs and lower machine efficiency due to complex field patterns unsuitable for heavy machinery.

It decreases beneficial microbial activity by disturbing habitat consistency for soil fauna.

Crop rotation has no impact on soil biodiversity as it only targets above-ground pests.

It maintains or increases soil biodiversity by varying plant species which support different soil organisms.

It consistently reduces soil biodiversity due to increased use of monoculture practices.

Application of targeted pheromone traps to manage specific pest populations.

Use of mechanical weed removal instead of herbicide application.

Widespread planting of genetically modified crops with built-in pest resistance traits.

Regular application of fast-degrading, non-residual chemical pesticides.

Biological control

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Chemical control

Crop rotation

They can disrupt the life cycle and habitat preferences of certain pests.

Rotating crops creates a uniform environment that makes it easier for pesticides to work.

Crop rotations increase the nutritional content of the soil, leading to larger pest populations.

They permanently eliminate all types of pests from the farmland area.

Habitat destruction due to reservoir creation

Production of air pollutants

Radiation hazards

Release of carbon dioxide during operation

Applying broad-spectrum pesticides throughout the growing season

Using genetically modified crops that produce their own pesticides

Increasing the dosage and frequency of pesticide applications

Introducing predatory species that naturally limit pest populations

Biological control

Intercropping

Crop rotation

Chemical control