Revise later
SpaceTo flip
If confident
All Flashcards
What are the main steps in the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell?
Hydrogen in (anode), Oxygen in (cathode), Electrolyte action, Ionization, Proton journey, Electron flow, Water formation.
Describe the process at the anode of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Hydrogen gas (H₂) is fed into the anode, where it is ionized, creating protons (H⁺) and electrons (e⁻).
Describe the process at the cathode of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Oxygen (O₂) from the air enters the cathode, where it combines with protons and electrons to form water (H₂O).
Explain how electricity is generated in a hydrogen fuel cell.
Electrons are forced to travel through an external circuit, generating electricity as they move from the anode to the cathode.
What happens to the protons after they are created at the anode?
Protons travel through the electrolyte to the cathode.
How is water formed in a hydrogen fuel cell?
At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen combine to form water (H₂O).
What is the first step of hydrogen fuel cells?
Hydrogen gas (H₂) is fed into the anode (negative electrode).
What is the second step of hydrogen fuel cells?
Oxygen (O₂) from the air enters the cathode (positive electrode).
What is the third step of hydrogen fuel cells?
An electrolyte (a special substance that allows ions to move) sits between the anode and cathode.
What is the fourth step of hydrogen fuel cells?
At the anode, hydrogen is ionized, creating protons (H⁺) and electrons (e⁻).
Explain the basic principle of a hydrogen fuel cell.
It uses hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity, producing only water as a byproduct, making it a clean energy alternative.
What is the role of the electrolyte in a hydrogen fuel cell?
It allows protons (H⁺) to travel from the anode to the cathode, completing the circuit.
Why are PEM fuel cells suitable for vehicles?
They have high power density and quick start-up times, making them ideal for transportation.
Explain the concept of energy carrier.
Hydrogen fuel cells are not a source of energy, they are an energy carrier. The hydrogen fuel must be produced using other sources of energy.
What are the environmental benefits of hydrogen fuel cells?
They produce only water as a byproduct, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
What are the economic challenges of hydrogen fuel cells?
High manufacturing costs and the need for infrastructure development are major economic hurdles.
How does a fuel cell differ from a battery?
Fuel cells generate energy as long as they have fuel, while batteries store energy.
What is the significance of fuel cell efficiency?
Higher efficiency means less energy is wasted, leading to better resource utilization and lower costs.
Why is hydrogen flammability a concern?
Hydrogen is flammable, but safety measures are in place.
What are the cons of hydrogen fuel cells?
Expensive, construction releases pollutants, and difficult to store.
What is the effect of using hydrogen fuel cells on air quality?
Reduced air pollution due to water being the only byproduct.
What is the effect of high manufacturing costs on hydrogen fuel cell adoption?
It limits widespread adoption due to economic barriers.
What is the effect of hydrogen's flammability on fuel cell safety?
Requires stringent safety measures to prevent accidents.
What is the effect of hydrogen production methods on the environmental impact of fuel cells?
If hydrogen production relies on fossil fuels, the overall environmental benefit is reduced.
What is the effect of limited hydrogen availability on fuel cell use?
Restricts fuel cell use to areas with hydrogen infrastructure.
What is the effect of using PEM fuel cells in vehicles?
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
What is the effect of quiet operation of hydrogen fuel cells?
Makes them suitable for use in residential areas and sensitive environments.
What is the effect of the need for infrastructure development for hydrogen distribution?
Increases the initial investment costs and logistical challenges.
What is the effect of high efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells?
Reduces energy waste and lowers operating costs.
What is the effect of quick start-up times of hydrogen fuel cells?
Makes them convenient for on-demand power generation.