What was the significance of the Petition of Right (1628)?
Limited the king's power, asserting Parliament's rights regarding taxation, imprisonment, and quartering of troops.
What was the significance of Charles I attempting to impose a new prayer book on Scotland in 1637?
It sparked a rebellion in Scotland, further escalating tensions with the English monarchy.
What was the significance of the execution of Charles I (1649)?
Marked the end of the monarchy in England and the beginning of the Commonwealth.
What was the English Civil War?
A series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.
What was the cause of the English Civil War?
The English Civil War was caused by disputes between Charles I and Parliament.
What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
The English Civil War resulted in the execution of Charles I, the exile of Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England.
What was the significance of the Short Parliament?
Charles I dissolved it quickly after it refused to grant him funds, highlighting the growing tension between the crown and Parliament.
What was the significance of the Long Parliament?
It enacted significant reforms limiting royal power and played a crucial role in the events leading to the Civil War.
What was the Commonwealth?
The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.
What was the Protectorate?
The Protectorate was the period during the Commonwealth when England and Wales, Ireland, and Scotland were governed by a Lord Protector. It began in 1653, when Oliver Cromwell first assumed the position, and ended in 1659, six months after his death.
What is the definition of 'absolutism'?
A political system where the monarch holds absolute power, unchecked by other institutions.
What is the definition of 'Divine Right of Kings'?
The belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God, not from the people.
What was 'Ship Money'?
A tax levied by Charles I without Parliament's approval, originally for coastal defense but extended to the entire country.
Who were the 'Cavaliers'?
Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War, primarily nobles and Anglicans.
Who were the 'Roundheads'?
Supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War, mainly Puritans and the middle class.
What was the 'Commonwealth'?
The period after the execution of Charles I when England was declared a republic.
What was the 'Protectorate'?
The period when Oliver Cromwell ruled England as Lord Protector, essentially a military dictator.
What was the 'Petition of Right'?
A document asserting Parliament's rights, limiting the king's power to tax, imprison, and quarter troops without consent.
Define 'Long Parliament'.
The English Parliament that lasted from 1640 to 1660, known for its significant reforms.
Define 'Short Parliament'.
The English Parliament that was convened by Charles I in 1640 but was quickly dissolved after it refused to grant him funds.
What were the causes and effects of Charles I's imposition of Ship Money?
Cause: Charles I needed funds but Parliament wouldn't grant them. Effect: Increased resentment towards the king and further strained relations with Parliament.
What were the causes and effects of the English Civil War?
Causes: Conflicts between Charles I and Parliament over power and religion. Effects: Execution of Charles I, establishment of the Commonwealth, and eventual restoration of the monarchy.
What were the causes and effects of the execution of Charles I?
Cause: Charles I was found guilty of treason after losing the Civil War. Effect: End of the monarchy and beginning of the Commonwealth.
What were the causes and effects of the Petition of Right?
Cause: Parliament's desire to limit the king's power. Effect: Assertion of Parliament's rights and limitations on royal authority.
What were the causes and effects of the Stuart Kings favoring Catholicism?
Cause: The Stuart Kings had Catholic sympathies. Effect: Increased religious tensions with Protestants and contributed to political instability.
What were the causes and effects of the dissolution of the Short Parliament?
Cause: Charles I's need for funds and Parliament's refusal to grant them. Effect: Further strained relations between the crown and Parliament, leading to the Long Parliament.
What were the causes and effects of the establishment of the Protectorate?
Cause: Political instability and the need for strong leadership after the Commonwealth. Effect: Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector, establishing a military dictatorship and imposing Puritanical laws.
What were the causes and effects of the Stuart Restoration?
Cause: Dissatisfaction with the Protectorate and desire for a return to traditional governance. Effect: Charles II was invited back to England, restoring the monarchy and Anglican Church.
What were the causes and effects of the Long Parliament?
Cause: Charles I's need for funds and Parliament's desire to address grievances. Effect: Significant reforms limiting royal power and playing a crucial role in the events leading to the Civil War.
What were the causes and effects of the Divine Right of Kings?
Cause: Belief that monarchs derive their authority from God. Effect: Justification for absolute rule and conflict with those who believed in limited government.
