Absolutism and Constitutionalism

Absolute Monarchy

Constitutional Monarchy

Authoritarian Monarchy

Totalitarian Monarchy

Strengthened autocratic control by expanding monarchical privileges.

Led to the immediate dissolution of Parliament's legislative powers.

Weakened England’s dominance on international trade routes through imposed restrictions on colonial expansion.

Established principles limiting royal authority became foundational elements of constitutional monarchy.

Indian Ocean Trade Network

Trans-Saharan Trade Route

Atlantic Trade System

Silk Road

Staunch Catholic countries like Spain might have declared war against England.

The Glorious Revolution may not occur as James II’s policies wouldn’t incite opposition from Protestant elites.

The Church of England might become the dominant global religion.

The colonization of North America could be delayed due to internal conflicts in England.

They supported divine right theories that bolstered absolute monarchy.

They advocated for immediate implementation of universal suffrage.

They emphasized parliamentary sovereignty over monarchical power.

They led to the abandonment of constitutionalism in favor of direct democracy.

Pope Innocent XI from Rome

Louis XIV from France

James II himself

Protestant nobles in England

Habeas Corpus Act

Two Treatises of Government

Declaration of Indulgence

Leviathan

His successful military campaigns abroad overshadowed domestic policy failures, undermining confidence in his leadership.

His attempt to impose absolute rule combined with his Catholic sympathies alienated both the Whigs and Tories.

The economic prosperity during his reign proved ineffective in alleviating ongoing financial pressures on the nobility.

His marriage alliance with Spain resulted in diplomatic isolation, aggravating existing discontent.

Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

Elizabeth I

William III

Constitutional monarchy was established

Oligarchy was established

Republicanism was established

Absolutism was established