All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
Causes: New farming techniques, land reclamation, new crops. Effects: Increased food production, population growth, demand for goods and labor.
What were the causes and effects of the Commercial Revolution?
Causes: Expanding trade networks, new business practices, joint-stock companies. Effects: Increased wealth, growing middle class, shift in economic power.
What were the causes and effects of the Price Revolution?
Causes: Discovery of gold and silver in the Americas. Effects: Inflation, rising prices, economic hardship for poorer populations.
What were the causes and effects of the shift in economic power from the Mediterranean to Northwestern Europe?
Causes: New trade routes, decline of Italian city-states. Effects: Rise of England, France, and the Dutch Republic as economic powers.
What were the causes and effects of the cottage industry?
Causes: Increased demand for textiles, availability of rural labor. Effects: Increased textile production, income for rural families, early form of industrialization.
What were the causes and effects of the use of bills of exchange?
Causes: Need for easier financial transactions, growth of trade. Effects: Development of banking industry, facilitation of loans with interest.
What were the causes and effects of joint-stock companies?
Causes: Desire to invest in overseas ventures, need for large capital. Effects: Increased exploration and colonization, economic growth, spread of capitalism.
What were the causes and effects of land reclamation?
Causes: Need for more farmland, innovative Dutch engineering. Effects: Increased agricultural output, population growth, economic prosperity in the Netherlands.
What were the causes and effects of new crops from the Americas?
Causes: Exploration and colonization of the Americas. Effects: Increased food supply, population growth, dietary changes in Europe.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of capitalism?
Causes: Commercial Revolution, increased trade, availability of capital. Effects: Economic growth, rise of the bourgeoisie, market economy.
Who were the Medici?
Merchant capitalists who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
Who were the Fuggers?
Merchant capitalists who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
What is the definition of Agricultural Revolution?
Dramatic increase in food production, particularly in Britain, during the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is the definition of Four-Field Rotation System?
A farming method that replaced the two-field system, improving soil fertility and increasing food production.
What is the definition of Cottage Industry?
A system where rural families produced textiles at home, which were then finished by manufacturers.
What is the definition of Commercial Revolution?
Changes in trade and business practices, shifting from town-centered to nation-centered economies.
What is the definition of Merchant Capitalists?
Entrepreneurs who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
What is the definition of Bills of Exchange?
Financial instruments that facilitated loans with interest, aiding the development of the banking industry.
What is the definition of Joint-Stock Companies?
Companies that invested in overseas ventures, pooling resources from multiple investors.
What is the definition of Price Revolution?
Inflation and rising prices caused by the influx of gold and silver from the Americas.
What is the definition of Capitalism?
An economic system characterized by increased investments, privatized land and businesses, and a market economy.
What is the definition of Bourgeoisie?
The middle class, who gained power during the rise of capitalism.