All Flashcards
Compare the Agricultural Revolution and the Commercial Revolution.
Agricultural Revolution increased food production, while the Commercial Revolution changed trade and business practices. Both contributed to economic growth and societal changes.
Compare the economic power of Italian city-states and Northwestern Europe.
Italian city-states initially held economic power due to trade routes, but Northwestern Europe gained dominance with new trade routes and colonial empires.
Compare the two-field system and the four-field rotation system.
The two-field system left one field fallow, while the four-field rotation system improved soil fertility and increased food production by rotating crops.
Compare the economic impacts on Spain and the Dutch Republic.
Spain was weakened by the Price Revolution and economic depression, while the Dutch Republic prospered through trade and land reclamation.
Compare the roles of merchant capitalists and traditional landowners.
Merchant capitalists financed new ventures and drove commercial growth, while traditional landowners focused on agricultural production and land ownership.
Compare the economic systems before and after the Commercial Revolution.
Before the Commercial Revolution, the economy was town-centered; after, it became nation-centered with expanding trade networks.
Compare the impacts of the Agricultural Revolution in Britain and the Dutch Republic.
In Britain, it led to increased food production through new farming techniques; in the Dutch Republic, it was driven by land reclamation.
Compare the effects of the Price Revolution on different social classes.
The Price Revolution caused economic hardship for poorer populations due to inflation, while wealthier classes were better able to cope.
Compare the economic roles of England, France, and Spain in the colonial era.
England, France, and Spain established overseas colonies to exploit resources and create trade networks, each with varying degrees of success and impact.
Compare the economic systems of feudalism and capitalism.
Feudalism was based on land ownership and obligations, while capitalism is based on investment, private ownership, and market competition.
What is the definition of Agricultural Revolution?
Dramatic increase in food production, particularly in Britain, during the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is the definition of Four-Field Rotation System?
A farming method that replaced the two-field system, improving soil fertility and increasing food production.
What is the definition of Cottage Industry?
A system where rural families produced textiles at home, which were then finished by manufacturers.
What is the definition of Commercial Revolution?
Changes in trade and business practices, shifting from town-centered to nation-centered economies.
What is the definition of Merchant Capitalists?
Entrepreneurs who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
What is the definition of Bills of Exchange?
Financial instruments that facilitated loans with interest, aiding the development of the banking industry.
What is the definition of Joint-Stock Companies?
Companies that invested in overseas ventures, pooling resources from multiple investors.
What is the definition of Price Revolution?
Inflation and rising prices caused by the influx of gold and silver from the Americas.
What is the definition of Capitalism?
An economic system characterized by increased investments, privatized land and businesses, and a market economy.
What is the definition of Bourgeoisie?
The middle class, who gained power during the rise of capitalism.
What was the significance of the rise of colonial empires?
England, France, and Spain established overseas colonies, creating global trade networks.
What was the impact of land reclamation by the Dutch?
The Dutch reclaimed land from the sea, adding more farmland and boosting agricultural output.
What was the effect of new crops from the Americas?
Crops like potatoes and corn boosted the European population due to increased food supply.
What was the effect of the expansion of trade networks?
New routes with the Americas and Asia created new markets for European goods, increasing wealth.
What was the impact of the printing press?
Created a market for books and printed material, contributing to the spread of knowledge and ideas.
What was the effect of the discovery of gold and silver in the Americas?
Led to the Price Revolution, causing inflation and rising prices in Europe.
What was the impact of the Agricultural Revolution on population?
Increased food production fueled population growth, driving demand for goods and labor.
What was the impact of the Commercial Revolution on the middle class?
Led to a growing middle class, increased wealth, and a shift in economic power.
What was the result of the economic depression in the late 1600s?
Weakened the Spanish Empire due to inflation and economic hardship.
What was the impact of capitalism on the bourgeoisie?
Capitalism led to a market economy where the bourgeoisie (middle class) gained power.