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Who were the Medici?
Merchant capitalists who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
Who were the Fuggers?
Merchant capitalists who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
What is the definition of Agricultural Revolution?
Dramatic increase in food production, particularly in Britain, during the 16th and 17th centuries.
What is the definition of Four-Field Rotation System?
A farming method that replaced the two-field system, improving soil fertility and increasing food production.
What is the definition of Cottage Industry?
A system where rural families produced textiles at home, which were then finished by manufacturers.
What is the definition of Commercial Revolution?
Changes in trade and business practices, shifting from town-centered to nation-centered economies.
What is the definition of Merchant Capitalists?
Entrepreneurs who financed new ventures during the Commercial Revolution.
What is the definition of Bills of Exchange?
Financial instruments that facilitated loans with interest, aiding the development of the banking industry.
What is the definition of Joint-Stock Companies?
Companies that invested in overseas ventures, pooling resources from multiple investors.
What is the definition of Price Revolution?
Inflation and rising prices caused by the influx of gold and silver from the Americas.
What is the definition of Capitalism?
An economic system characterized by increased investments, privatized land and businesses, and a market economy.
What is the definition of Bourgeoisie?
The middle class, who gained power during the rise of capitalism.
What was the significance of the rise of colonial empires?
England, France, and Spain established overseas colonies, creating global trade networks.
What was the impact of land reclamation by the Dutch?
The Dutch reclaimed land from the sea, adding more farmland and boosting agricultural output.
What was the effect of new crops from the Americas?
Crops like potatoes and corn boosted the European population due to increased food supply.
What was the effect of the expansion of trade networks?
New routes with the Americas and Asia created new markets for European goods, increasing wealth.
What was the impact of the printing press?
Created a market for books and printed material, contributing to the spread of knowledge and ideas.
What was the effect of the discovery of gold and silver in the Americas?
Led to the Price Revolution, causing inflation and rising prices in Europe.
What was the impact of the Agricultural Revolution on population?
Increased food production fueled population growth, driving demand for goods and labor.
What was the impact of the Commercial Revolution on the middle class?
Led to a growing middle class, increased wealth, and a shift in economic power.
What was the result of the economic depression in the late 1600s?
Weakened the Spanish Empire due to inflation and economic hardship.
What was the impact of capitalism on the bourgeoisie?
Capitalism led to a market economy where the bourgeoisie (middle class) gained power.