Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu?
She helped reduce smallpox infections through the promotion of inoculation.
Who was James Watt?
He invented the steam engine, a key invention of the Industrial Revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the Agricultural Revolution?
Causes: New farming techniques, technologies, and crops. Effects: Increased food production, lower food prices, population growth, and urbanization.
What were the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution?
Causes: Agricultural Revolution, new technologies like the steam engine. Effects: Shift to machine-based economy, factory system, new social classes, urbanization, and social problems.
What were the causes and effects of population decline in the 17th century?
Causes: War (Thirty Years' War), disease (Black Death), and famine. Effects: Low European population.
What were the causes and effects of population growth in the 18th century?
Causes: Stabilized food supply, economic changes, increased life expectancy, and agricultural revolution. Effects: Significant population increase.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: Fewer farm jobs due to the Agricultural Revolution and new opportunities in cities. Effects: Strained governments, increased poverty and crime, and the development of new institutions.
What were the causes and effects of Enclosure?
Causes: Desire for more efficient and profitable farming. Effects: Consolidation of land, shift from subsistence to commercial farming, and displacement of rural workers.
What was the significance of the Thirty Years' War?
It caused massive displacement, casualties, and resource destruction, contributing to population decline in the 17th century.
What was the impact of the disappearance of the plague?
It reduced a major cause of death, contributing to increased life expectancy in the 18th century.
What was the effect of the Columbian Exchange on agriculture?
It introduced new crops like potatoes and corn to Europe, increasing food production and supporting population growth.
What was the impact of Enclosure?
It consolidated land, shifted farming from subsistence to commercial, and contributed to urbanization by displacing rural workers.
What was the result of the invention of the steam engine?
It powered machinery, including textile mills, and was a key driver of the Industrial Revolution.
What was the impact of increased poverty and crime in urban areas?
It led to the development of new institutions like poorhouses, workhouses, and prisons.
What was the effect of the Agricultural Revolution on job availability?
It led to fewer farm jobs, prompting migration to cities for new opportunities.
What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on social classes?
It led to the rise of new working and middle classes.
What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on urban life?
It led to strained governments, erosion of traditional values, increased poverty and crime, and the development of new institutions.
What was the effect of stabilized food supply in the 18th century?
It led to balance between population and food, contributing to population boom.
