Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments
Which demographic trend most significantly influenced European urban development during the Agricultural Revolution?
Decreased birth rates in rural areas led cities to seek immigrants from other continents.
Rural depopulation due to increased agricultural efficiency resulted in higher urban migration rates.
A reduction in urban mortality rates spurred natural population growth within cities themselves.
The displacement of artisan guilds fostered rural-to-urban shifts among skilled laborers seeking work.
In what way did population growth during the early modern period affect literature?
Population growth led authors to seek international audiences, introducing foreign cultural concepts into their works more frequently than before.
The rise in literacy rates expanded readership which prompted writers to address broader public issues through novels and essays.
The decline in mortality rates shifted literary themes towards an exploration of childhood and family life experiences.
Overpopulation forced many people into rural areas where oral storytelling traditions diminished interest in written literature.
What was a major consequence of the population increase in Europe during the Agricultural Revolution?
Rise in feudalistic societies.
Increased urbanization due to rural depopulation.
Decline in overseas exploration and colonization efforts.
Decrease in overall food production.
What social change was primarily driven by the population increase in Europe during the 18th century?
Mass emigration to other continents
Increased emphasis on formal education
Expansion of cities and increase in urban labor force
A decline in monopolistic practices.
What is one of the major works written by Denis Diderot?
The Social Contract
Encyclopédie
Common Sense
Leviathan
Which thinker wrote 'Candide' during the Enlightenment period?
John Locke
Immanuel Kant
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
Which social group primarily benefited from the enclosure movement that restructured rural land ownership in England?
Large-scale landowners who consolidated fields for more efficient agriculture benefitted economically.
Peasants who gained access to common lands through communal farming practices thrived on shared resources.
The middle class who invested heavily in technological improvements saw large returns on their investments.
Artisans who produced handmade goods capitalised on increased demand for local products due to localized trade policies.

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Which principle of the Enlightenment persisted throughout the 18th century?
Divine right of kings
Absolute monarchy
Serfdom
Freedom of thought and expression
Which feature of social structure remained relatively unchanged during the 'long' eighteenth century (1685–1815)?
Aristocratic privilege still dominated politics.
Slavery was abolished across Europe.
Voting rights were extended to all citizens.
Women were given equal rights as men in society.
What attracted the working poor and those unable to work to Enlightenment ideas during the Industrial Revolution?
Increase in rural migration
Decline in population growth
Government reform and lower taxes
Expansion of agricultural practices