All Flashcards
What happened during the Storming of the Bastille?
The National Guard raided the Bastille for weapons and gunpowder, marking a turning point in the revolution.
What happened during the March on Versailles?
Women marched to demand bread and the return of the king to Paris.
What was the significance of the Tennis Court Oath?
The Third Estate pledged to continue meeting until a new constitution was created, defying the king's authority.
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
A document ensuring equal rights for men, inspired by Enlightenment ideals.
What were the September Massacres?
Mass executions of nobles and clergy during the Reign of Terror.
What was the Great Terror?
The height of the executions during the Reign of Terror, with around 40,000 deaths.
What was the Thermidorian Reaction?
Moderates regained control, leading to the White Terror against radicals after Robspierre's execution.
What was the significance of the execution of Louis XVI?
The monarchy was suspended, and France became a republic.
What was the main goal of the Reign of Terror?
To eliminate “enemies of the revolution” and consolidate power.
What was the Cult of Reason?
A deistic religion replacing Catholicism, with churches converted to “Temples of Reason.
What were the causes and effects of the Enlightenment ideas?
Causes: New philosophical thinking. Effects: Sparked ideas about liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, challenging the old order.
What were the causes and effects of the French Financial Crisis?
Causes: Debt from wars, weak leadership, extravagant spending, taxation inequity, food shortages. Effects: Widespread starvation, anger, and a push for revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the Tennis Court Oath?
Causes: Frustration with the Estates-General. Effects: Demonstrated the Third Estate's determination to form a new government.
What were the causes and effects of the Storming of the Bastille?
Causes: Desire for weapons and gunpowder, anger at the monarchy. Effects: Marked a turning point in the revolution, symbolizing the overthrow of royal authority.
What were the causes and effects of the March on Versailles?
Causes: Demand for bread and the return of the king to Paris. Effects: Forced the king to return to Paris, demonstrating the power of the people.
What were the causes and effects of the Reign of Terror?
Causes: Radicalization, suspicion, and paranoia. Effects: Mass executions, dechristianization, and the rise of Robespierre.
What were the causes and effects of the execution of Louis XVI?
Causes: The monarchy was suspended, and France became a republic. Effects: Symbolized the end of the old regime and ushered in a new era of republicanism.
What were the causes and effects of the Thermidorian Reaction?
Causes: Downfall of Robespierre. Effects: Moderates regained control, leading to the White Terror against radicals.
What were the causes and effects of the Estates-General meeting?
Causes: Louis XVI hoped to resolve financial crisis. Effects: Voting injustice led to the Third Estate forming the National Assembly.
What were the causes and effects of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
Causes: Enlightenment ideals. Effects: Ensured equal rights for men, inspired by Enlightenment ideals.
What is the definition of 'Liberty'?
Freedom from arbitrary or despotic control; the power to do as one pleases.
What is the definition of 'Equality'?
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
What is the definition of 'Popular Sovereignty'?
The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.
What were the 'Three Estates'?
The social classes in pre-revolutionary France: Clergy, Nobility, and Everyone Else.
What was the 'Estates-General'?
A legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects.
What was the 'National Assembly'?
An assembly formed by the Third Estate in France in 1789, with the goal of creating a new constitution.
What was the 'Tennis Court Oath'?
A pledge signed by members of the Third Estate to continue meeting until a new constitution was created.
What was the 'Reign of Terror'?
A period of extreme violence during the French Revolution, led by Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety.
What was the 'Committee of Public Safety'?
A body established during the French Revolution to suppress internal counter-revolutionaries and enemies of the state.
What was the 'Thermidorian Reaction'?
A revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of the Reign of Terror.