All Flashcards
What is the definition of 'Liberty'?
Freedom from arbitrary or despotic control; the power to do as one pleases.
What is the definition of 'Equality'?
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
What is the definition of 'Popular Sovereignty'?
The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.
What were the 'Three Estates'?
The social classes in pre-revolutionary France: Clergy, Nobility, and Everyone Else.
What was the 'Estates-General'?
A legislative and consultative assembly of the different classes of French subjects.
What was the 'National Assembly'?
An assembly formed by the Third Estate in France in 1789, with the goal of creating a new constitution.
What was the 'Tennis Court Oath'?
A pledge signed by members of the Third Estate to continue meeting until a new constitution was created.
What was the 'Reign of Terror'?
A period of extreme violence during the French Revolution, led by Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety.
What was the 'Committee of Public Safety'?
A body established during the French Revolution to suppress internal counter-revolutionaries and enemies of the state.
What was the 'Thermidorian Reaction'?
A revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of the Reign of Terror.
Who was King Louis XVI?
The King of France during the revolution, known for being a weak and indecisive leader.
Who was Marie Antoinette?
The Queen of France, known for her extravagant spending and nicknamed 'Madame Deficit'.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
A radical leader during the Reign of Terror, head of the Committee of Public Safety.
Who was Olympe de Gouges?
A writer who advocated for women's rights during the French Revolution.
What was Louis XVI's role in the French Revolution?
His weak leadership and resistance to reform contributed to the revolution's outbreak and radicalization.
What was Marie Antoinette's role in the French Revolution?
Her extravagant lifestyle and perceived indifference to the suffering of the French people made her a symbol of the monarchy's excesses.
What was Robespierre's role during the Reign of Terror?
As the leader of the Committee of Public Safety, he oversaw the execution of thousands of people deemed enemies of the revolution.
What was Olympe de Gouges' contribution to the revolution?
She wrote The Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizen, advocating for women's rights.
What was the impact of Robespierre's actions?
He consolidated power through violence and repression, but his actions ultimately led to his own downfall and the end of the Reign of Terror.
Why was Louis XVI executed?
He was found guilty of treason and conspiring against the liberty of the nation.
What were the causes and effects of the Enlightenment ideas?
Causes: New philosophical thinking. Effects: Sparked ideas about liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, challenging the old order.
What were the causes and effects of the French Financial Crisis?
Causes: Debt from wars, weak leadership, extravagant spending, taxation inequity, food shortages. Effects: Widespread starvation, anger, and a push for revolution.
What were the causes and effects of the Tennis Court Oath?
Causes: Frustration with the Estates-General. Effects: Demonstrated the Third Estate's determination to form a new government.
What were the causes and effects of the Storming of the Bastille?
Causes: Desire for weapons and gunpowder, anger at the monarchy. Effects: Marked a turning point in the revolution, symbolizing the overthrow of royal authority.
What were the causes and effects of the March on Versailles?
Causes: Demand for bread and the return of the king to Paris. Effects: Forced the king to return to Paris, demonstrating the power of the people.
What were the causes and effects of the Reign of Terror?
Causes: Radicalization, suspicion, and paranoia. Effects: Mass executions, dechristianization, and the rise of Robespierre.
What were the causes and effects of the execution of Louis XVI?
Causes: The monarchy was suspended, and France became a republic. Effects: Symbolized the end of the old regime and ushered in a new era of republicanism.
What were the causes and effects of the Thermidorian Reaction?
Causes: Downfall of Robespierre. Effects: Moderates regained control, leading to the White Terror against radicals.
What were the causes and effects of the Estates-General meeting?
Causes: Louis XVI hoped to resolve financial crisis. Effects: Voting injustice led to the Third Estate forming the National Assembly.
What were the causes and effects of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen?
Causes: Enlightenment ideals. Effects: Ensured equal rights for men, inspired by Enlightenment ideals.