Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century
How does the poststructuralist school of history typically interpret the shift in public opinion against King Louis XVI's monarchy?
Result of complex discourse networks and conflicting ideologies and interests.
Simple consequence of personal incompetency and failures of the king himself.
Direct product of spreading enlightenment thought and calling into question absolute rule.
Immediate reaction to economic hardship caused by fiscal mismanagement at court.
What impact did the failure of the French Revolution have on later movements for political reform across Europe?
It spurred radical socialist revolutions across Europe within a decade.
It illustrated the potential for violent backlash and instability, encouraging some movements to pursue more moderate paths.
It resulted in widespread disillusionment with democracy as a viable form of government.
It led directly to the rise of fascist movements in Italy and Germany.
Which of the following best describes the Estates-General?
A secret society advocating for radical political change
A revolutionary political party formed during the French Revolution
An advisory council composed of nobles and clergy
A legislative assembly representing the three estates of France
How did the invention of the printing press influence the spread of revolutionary ideas during the French Revolution?
It significantly increased literacy rates in France within a short period.
It facilitated faster and broader dissemination of Enlightenment and revolutionary principles.
It was primarily used to replicate monarchical propaganda across Europe.
It allowed for direct communication between revolutionary leaders and foreign governments.
Which group was targeted during the Reign of Terror through the Law of Suspects?
Revolutionary leaders who opposed Robespierre
Foreign diplomats and ambassadors
Counter-revolutionaries and enemies of the republic
Religious minorities, such as Protestants and Jews
Who belonged to France’s Third Estate, which led much discontent during conditions before the French Revolution?
Nobility (Second Estate)
Foreign diplomats
Peasants and bourgeoisie (middle class)
Clergy (First Estate)
Which event marked the end of France's constitutional monarchy and signaled the start of radical phase in revolution?
Execution of Louis XVI
Flight to Varennes
Storming of the Bastille
Women's March on Versailles

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In what way did Napoleon Bonaparte's economic reforms contrast with those made during earlier stages of the French Revolution?
Subsidization of domestic industries instead of relying on free market principles.
Reintroduction of indirect taxes previously abolished by revolutionaries.
If Robespierre was never part of Committee for Public Safety, how different would “The Reign of Terror” be?
More implementation of Enlightenment ideas in government policies.
Early restoration to constitutional monarchy status.
Possibly less bloodshed and fewer executions.
Immediate end to foreign wars with other countries like Britain & Austria.
What policy emerging from revolutionary France illustrated an attempt to secularize society consistent with Enlightenment criticism against established churches?
The abolition of guilds to enable free trade practices among artisans.
The implementation of the metric system to standardize weights and measures.
The enactment of the levée en masse to conscript citizen soldiers for military service.
The adoption of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which subordinated the Catholic Church to the state.