All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of Industrialization?
Causes: Technological advancements, Effects: Urbanization, pollution, disease, overcrowding, crime, and pressure for social reform.
What were the causes and effects of poor sanitation and polluted water?
Cause: Lack of infrastructure and regulation, Effect: Rampant disease.
What were the causes and effects of overcrowding in cities?
Cause: Migration to cities for work, Effect: Shoddy housing and pressure to redesign cities.
What were the causes and effects of high crime rates in cities?
Cause: Poverty and lack of opportunity, Effect: Prison reform and modern police forces.
What were the causes and effects of the shift from laissez-faire to interventionism?
Cause: Problems created by industrialization, Effect: Government involvement in economic and social policies.
What were the causes and effects of public education?
Causes: Reformers, nationalists, and those wanting economic growth, Effects: Improved society and a more educated populace.
What were the causes and effects of Edwin Chadwick's reforms?
Cause: Desire to improve public health, Effect: Improved sanitation and reduced disease.
What were the causes and effects of Georges Haussmann's redesign of Paris?
Cause: Overcrowding and poor urban planning, Effect: Modern infrastructure and aesthetically pleasing city.
What were the causes and effects of prison reform?
Cause: High crime rates, Effect: More focus on rehabilitation.
What were the causes and effects of government intervention in social reform?
Cause: Problems created by industrialization, Effect: Shift in liberal ideology towards interventionist policies.
What is Laissez-faire?
Economic policy of non-interference by the government.
What is Interventionism?
Government involvement in economic and social policies.
Define Public Health.
The health of the population as a whole, especially as monitored and regulated by the state.
What is Urban Planning?
The planning of the physical layout of a city, including infrastructure and public spaces.
Define Rehabilitation (in the context of prisons).
The process of reforming an offender to prevent future crimes.
Define Public Education.
Education funded and controlled by the government, available to all citizens.
What is Sanitation?
Maintaining clean and hygienic conditions to promote health.
Define Infrastructure.
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
What is Public Housing?
Housing provided for people with low incomes, subsidized by public funds.
Define Public Transportation.
Transportation systems available for public use, usually for a fee.
What was the impact of building sewage and water systems in cities?
Improved public health by reducing disease.
What was the result of redesigning cities?
Modern infrastructure including parks, public transportation, public lighting, and public housing.
What was the focus of prison reform?
More focus on rehabilitation of criminals.
Why did governments support public education?
To improve society and create a more educated populace.
What problems did industrialization create?
Disease, overcrowding, and crime.
What was the effect of high crime rates in cities?
Governments reformed prisons and established modern police forces.
What was the effect of overcrowding in cities?
Cities were redesigned with modern infrastructure.
What was the effect of poor sanitation and polluted water?
Rampant disease.
What was the goal of public education?
To improve society and create a more educated populace.
What was the result of the shift from laissez-faire to interventionism?
Government involvement in economic and social policies increased.