All Flashcards
What is Laissez-faire?
Economic policy of non-interference by the government.
What is Interventionism?
Government involvement in economic and social policies.
Define Public Health.
The health of the population as a whole, especially as monitored and regulated by the state.
What is Urban Planning?
The planning of the physical layout of a city, including infrastructure and public spaces.
Define Rehabilitation (in the context of prisons).
The process of reforming an offender to prevent future crimes.
Define Public Education.
Education funded and controlled by the government, available to all citizens.
What is Sanitation?
Maintaining clean and hygienic conditions to promote health.
Define Infrastructure.
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
What is Public Housing?
Housing provided for people with low incomes, subsidized by public funds.
Define Public Transportation.
Transportation systems available for public use, usually for a fee.
Who was Edwin Chadwick?
British reformer who advocated for sanitation and public health improvements.
What did Edwin Chadwick advocate for?
A central public health authority, clean water, and effective sewage systems.
Who was Georges Haussmann?
French urban planner who transformed Paris.
What did Georges Haussmann do?
Created wide boulevards, demolished old streets, and built new parks and public buildings in Paris.
What was Edwin Chadwick's main contribution?
Pushed for major changes in sanitation, advocating for clean water and sewage systems.
What was Georges Haussmann's main contribution?
Redesigned Paris with wide boulevards, parks, and public buildings.
What was the impact of Edwin Chadwick's work?
Major improvements in public health through sanitation reforms.
What was the impact of Georges Haussmann's work?
Transformed Paris into a modern and aesthetically pleasing city.
What was Edwin Chadwick's role in public health?
He advocated for a central public health authority.
What was Georges Haussmann's role in urban planning?
He redesigned the city of Paris.
What was the impact of building sewage and water systems in cities?
Improved public health by reducing disease.
What was the result of redesigning cities?
Modern infrastructure including parks, public transportation, public lighting, and public housing.
What was the focus of prison reform?
More focus on rehabilitation of criminals.
Why did governments support public education?
To improve society and create a more educated populace.
What problems did industrialization create?
Disease, overcrowding, and crime.
What was the effect of high crime rates in cities?
Governments reformed prisons and established modern police forces.
What was the effect of overcrowding in cities?
Cities were redesigned with modern infrastructure.
What was the effect of poor sanitation and polluted water?
Rampant disease.
What was the goal of public education?
To improve society and create a more educated populace.
What was the result of the shift from laissez-faire to interventionism?
Government involvement in economic and social policies increased.