Industrialization and Its Effects
What was one social consequence of industrialization on working-class families in Europe during the 19th century?
Increased child labor due to demand for cheap, unskilled workers in factories.
Greater access to higher education as family incomes rose with industrial jobs.
A decrease in women's workforce participation due to improved household incomes.
Reduced migration among working-class families because of stable employment opportunities.
The Second Industrial Revolution of the 19th Century is most associated with advancements in which field?
Art
Technology
Religion
Agriculture
Which statement best illustrates why governments instituted social reforms in Europe during the late 19th century?
Governments sought to increase taxes on industrial production for revenue purposes.
Governments sought to prevent revolution by addressing grievances over poor living and working conditions.
Catholic church influence led to moral reforms in government policy.
Governments wanted to reduce their control over economic activities.
What was a common aim among nationalists throughout various European uprisings in this period?
To dismantle existing states into smaller polities governed by local nobles only.
To establish autonomous nation-states based on shared language or culture.
How did prison reform in Europe during the nineteenth-century reflect changing societal attitudes?
It showed increased emphasis on rehabilitation over punishment.
It demonstrated public support for capital punishment.
It marked an increase in governmental control over individual liberties.
It indicated a decline in crime rates across Europe.
What did Thomas Malthus believe would be an inevitable outcome due to population growth outpacing agricultural production?
Famine and poverty
Global peace and cooperation
Technological stagnation
Increased migration to colonies
Which intellectual movement most directly influenced Bismarck's implementation of social welfare programs in Germany?
Anarchist thought promoting stateless societies based on voluntary institutions.
State Socialism to subdue socialist movements and garner working-class support.
Utopian socialism aiming at establishing self-sustained communities.
Liberal capitalism to encourage free-market economies without governmental intervention.

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Which of the following best describes laissez-faire economics as practiced in the 19th century?
A strategy focused on heavy taxation to redistribute wealth equally.
A government-controlled economy with high regulation of industry.
A policy of minimal government interference in business affairs.
An economic system based on public ownership of production means.
Applying a Marxist critique, which reform most significantly contributed to recalibrating class power dynamics during the late nineteenth century?
Voting rights reforms that extended suffrage to all males, irrespective of their property ownership.
Reforms in religious institutions promoting more inclusivity and acceptance.
Educational reforms providing mandatory schooling for children up to a certain age across Europe.
Changes in labor laws that limited working hours and instituted minimum age restrictions for employment in factories.
How did prison reforms affect societies during the late-19th-century Europe?
It led to establishment of capital punishment.
It increased crime rates.
It restricted jury trials.
It emphasized rehabilitation over punishment.