All Flashcards
What is Nationalism?
Feeling of belonging to a nation; based on shared culture, politics, or perceived race. Can unite or divide.
What is Zionism?
Movement advocating for a Jewish homeland in response to anti-Semitism.
What is Social Darwinism?
Misapplication of Darwin's ideas to justify racism and imperialism.
What is Positivism?
Belief that science is the only source of true knowledge.
What is Realism (in art)?
Artistic movement focused on depicting life as it truly is, often showing gritty, everyday scenes.
What is New Imperialism?
The period after 1830 when European powers aggressively pursued colonial expansion.
What was the Congress System?
A system aimed at maintaining international stability after the Napoleonic Wars.
What is a nation?
A community of people often imagined because most members will never meet.
What is the Dual Monarchy?
The compromise of 1867 creating Austria-Hungary in an attempt to maintain stability.
What are markets?
Places for industrialized countries to sell their goods.
Who was Camilo di Cavour?
Key figure in the unification of Italy, using nationalism to achieve political goals.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
Key figure in the unification of Germany, using nationalism to achieve political goals.
Who was Napoleon III?
Conservative leader who co-opted nationalism to strengthen his state.
Who was Charles Darwin?
Scientist whose theory of evolution was later twisted into Social Darwinism.
Who was Albert Einstein?
Challenged Newtonian physics and the prevailing idea of positivism.
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Explored the irrational side of human nature, challenging positivism.
Who was Jean-François Millet?
Realist artist known for depicting everyday scenes, such as in The Gleaners.
Who was Henri Rousseau?
Post-Impressionist artist who focused on individual expression.
Causes and effects of the rise of nationalism?
Causes: Shared culture, politics, or perceived race. Effects: Unification of states (Italy, Germany), breakaways from empires, anti-Semitism.
Causes and effects of Social Darwinism?
Cause: Misinterpretation of Darwin's theory. Effects: Justification for racism and imperialism.
Causes and effects of New Imperialism?
Causes: Economic needs, ideological beliefs, rivalries. Effects: Tensions, resistance, path to WWI.
Causes and effects of the weakening Congress System?
Cause: Rising nationalism. Effect: Instability and shift in the European balance of power.
Causes and effects of the Second Industrial Revolution?
Cause: Technological advancements. Effects: Enabled imperialism through advanced weaponry, medicine, and communication.
Causes and effects of resistance to imperialism?
Cause: European control. Effect: Rise of nationalism in colonized regions and organized resistance movements.
Causes and effects of the shift from Romanticism to Realism in art?
Cause: Reaction against the idealism of Romanticism. Effect: Focus on depicting mundane and everyday scenes.
Causes and effects of Zionism?
Cause: Anti-Semitism in Europe. Effect: Advocacy for a Jewish homeland.
Causes and effects of the creation of the Dual Monarchy?
Cause: Rising nationalism within the Austrian Empire. Effect: Attempt to maintain stability by creating Austria-Hungary.
Causes and effects of the shift from Realism to Modern Art?
Cause: Desire for individual expression. Effect: Emergence of Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Cubism.