19th Century Perspectives and Political Developments

A) A sense of unity and belonging to a nation, often based on shared culture, politics, or perceived race.

B) A political ideology that promoted isolationism and rejection of foreign influence.

C) An economic system focused on free trade and global interdependence.

D) A religious movement advocating for the separation of church and state.

A) It only led to conflict and division among people.

B) It exclusively promoted peace and cooperation between nations.

C) It served as both a unifying force within nations and a source of conflict between them.

D) It had no impact on the political landscape of the 19th century.

A) To promote liberal reforms and democratic ideals.

B) To weaken their states and encourage regional autonomy.

C) To strengthen their states and consolidate power.

D) To advocate for international cooperation and diplomacy.

A) Albert Einstein

B) Sigmund Freud

C) Charles Darwin

D) Otto von Bismarck

A) Darwin's theory focused on social progress, while Social Darwinism focused on biological change.

B) Darwin's theory was a scientific explanation of natural selection, while Social Darwinism was a racist ideology.

C) Darwin's theory promoted equality, while Social Darwinism promoted hierarchy.

D) There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable.

A) It discouraged European expansion by emphasizing the equality of all people.

B) It provided a moral justification for European dominance based on claims of racial superiority.

C) It promoted peaceful coexistence and cultural exchange between colonizers and colonized populations.

D) It had no significant impact on imperial policies or attitudes.

A) Emphasis on reason and logic.

B) Focus on emotion and imagination.

C) Objective depiction of everyday life.

D) Strict adherence to classical artistic forms.

A) Romanticism focused on the mundane, while Realism emphasized the ideal.

B) Romanticism valued emotional expression, while Realism sought to depict life as it truly was.

C) Romanticism rejected nature, while Realism embraced it.

D) Romanticism was politically conservative, while Realism was politically liberal.

A) A return to idealized and classical forms.

B) A focus on objective representation of the external world.

C) An emphasis on individual expression and subjective experience.

D) A rejection of all forms of artistic innovation.

A) To promote free trade and global economic cooperation.

B) To establish colonies as sources of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods.

C) To discourage industrial development in colonized regions.

D) To redistribute wealth and resources to less developed countries.