All Flashcards
What is 'Decolonization'?
The process where European colonies gained independence, leading to migration from former colonies to the 'mother country'.
Define 'Family Reunification' in the context of migration.
The process where initial migrants sponsor family members to join them in the new country, increasing immigration numbers.
What does 'Xenophobia' mean?
Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.
Define 'Euroscepticism'.
Opposition to the policies or structure of the European Union.
What is 'Secularization'?
The decline in the influence of religion in society.
Define 'Chain Migration'.
A migratory movement in which prospective migrants learn of opportunities, are provided with transportation, and have initial accommodation and employment arranged by means of existing social relationships.
What is meant by 'push factors' in migration?
Conditions that force people to leave their homes, such as war, poverty, or persecution.
What are 'pull factors' in migration?
Conditions that attract people to a new country, such as economic opportunities or political freedom.
Define 'Scapegoating'.
Blaming a person or group for problems that are not their fault.
What is meant by 'market-oriented economy'?
An economy where prices are determined by supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.
What is the French National Front (FN)?
A French political party founded in 1972 that embraced conservative and fascist ideologies, advocating for strict immigration policies.
What is the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ)?
An Austrian political party founded in 1956 that promoted Euroscepticism, anti-immigration, and law and order.
What was the significance of post-WWII economic recovery in Europe?
It created labor shortages, attracting migrants from various regions and altering the continent's social and cultural landscape.
What was the impact of the economic downturn of the 1970s on immigration?
It triggered a surge in xenophobia and the rise of anti-immigrant political parties.
What was the result of decolonization on migration patterns?
People migrated from former colonies to the 'mother country', changing demographics of European nations.
What was the impact of the fall of the Iron Curtain on migration?
Individuals fled authoritarian communist regimes in Eastern Europe seeking refuge in the West.
What was the effect of the rise of nationalist parties in Europe?
These parties shaped the political landscape, advocating for strict immigration policies and influencing public discourse on immigration.
What was the effect of increased secularization in Europe?
European society became increasingly secular as traditional religious influence waned, partly influenced by migration.
What was the impact of post-war recovery disparities on migration?
Uneven recovery from WWII led people to seek better opportunities in more prosperous nations.
What was the impact of the move towards market-oriented economies in the 1970s?
It exacerbated inequality and reduced government support, further fueling social tensions.
What was the result of family reunification on migration numbers?
Initial migrants brought over family members, further increasing immigration numbers.
What was the impact of migration on Europe's cultural and religious diversity?
Migrants brought diverse religions and cultures, enriching European society but also sparking debates.