All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of post-WWII economic boom in Europe?
Cause: Post-WWII rebuilding efforts. Effect: Labor shortages, attracting migrants and changing the social landscape.
What were the causes and effects of decolonization?
Cause: Dissolution of European colonial empires. Effect: Migration from former colonies to Europe, altering demographics.
What were the causes and effects of the economic downturn of the 1970s?
Cause: Economic hardship. Effect: Scapegoating of immigrants, rise of anti-immigrant parties, and increased social tensions.
What were the causes and effects of family reunification policies?
Cause: Policies allowing migrants to bring family members. Effect: Increased immigration numbers due to chain migration.
What were the causes and effects of post-war recovery disparities?
Cause: Uneven economic recovery after WWII. Effect: Migration from less prosperous nations to those with better opportunities.
What were the causes and effects of migration on cultural diversity?
Cause: Influx of migrants from diverse backgrounds. Effect: Enriched European society but also sparked debates and social tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the shift to market-oriented economies in the 1970s?
Cause: Move towards free market principles. Effect: Exacerbated inequality, reduced government support, and fueled social tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of xenophobia?
Cause: Economic hardship and perceived threat to national identity. Effect: Rise of anti-immigrant parties and discriminatory policies.
What were the causes and effects of migration from Eastern Europe?
Cause: Authoritarian communist regimes and lack of freedom. Effect: Individuals sought refuge in the West, contributing to demographic changes.
What were the causes and effects of increased secularization in Europe?
Cause: Migration and changing social values. Effect: Decline in the influence of traditional religious institutions.
What is 'Decolonization'?
The process where European colonies gained independence, leading to migration from former colonies to the 'mother country'.
Define 'Family Reunification' in the context of migration.
The process where initial migrants sponsor family members to join them in the new country, increasing immigration numbers.
What does 'Xenophobia' mean?
Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.
Define 'Euroscepticism'.
Opposition to the policies or structure of the European Union.
What is 'Secularization'?
The decline in the influence of religion in society.
Define 'Chain Migration'.
A migratory movement in which prospective migrants learn of opportunities, are provided with transportation, and have initial accommodation and employment arranged by means of existing social relationships.
What is meant by 'push factors' in migration?
Conditions that force people to leave their homes, such as war, poverty, or persecution.
What are 'pull factors' in migration?
Conditions that attract people to a new country, such as economic opportunities or political freedom.
Define 'Scapegoating'.
Blaming a person or group for problems that are not their fault.
What is meant by 'market-oriented economy'?
An economy where prices are determined by supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.
What is the French National Front (FN)?
A French political party founded in 1972 that embraced conservative and fascist ideologies, advocating for strict immigration policies.
What is the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ)?
An Austrian political party founded in 1956 that promoted Euroscepticism, anti-immigration, and law and order.